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Geological mineralogical and technological properties of Oligocene–Miocene clay deposits in altered volcanic rocks for the ceramic industry (Western Anatolia, Turkey)

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Abstract

Oligo–Miocene volcanic rocks cover large areas in Western Anatolia and pass laterally into terrestrial sediments, and they have economic occurrences formed by the effect of active tectonism. Alteration of these rocks developed by hydrothermal solutions reaching the surface along the active tectonic zones and formed important kaolin deposits for the ceramic industry in the region. The geological, mineralogical and technological properties of well-known kaolin deposits around Çanakkale and Balıkesir and their importance for the ceramic industry are discussed in this study. The XRD, XRF and SEM analyses, water absorption, firing colour, firing shrinkage, viscosity, Atterberg limits and grain size distributions were analysed for the characterization of chemical and technological properties of the samples. Mineralogical composition of the altered rocks comprised kaolinite, quartz (± tridymite and cristobalite), feldspar (mainly sanidine, rarely plagioclase) and small amounts of haematite and/or alunite. In light of these findings, Çanakkale and Balıkesir kaolin deposits are used in different sections of the ceramic industry such as for ceramic tiles, vitrified ceramics and insulators in terms of their industrial properties and the studied deposits developed with different degrees of alteration.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Fikri Zortul (ESAN A.Ş.) and Kaan Kayacı (KALEMADEN A.Ş.) for logistical and analysis support during this work. We thank the Editor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emanuela Schingaro and two anonymous referees for the helpful comments that have significantly improved this manuscript. We would also like to thank Catherine Yiğit from Skaian Gates English editing service for some corrections and comments on the English of manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul University–Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

    Davut Laçin, Namık Aysal & Sinan Öngen

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  1. Davut Laçin
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  2. Namık Aysal
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  3. Sinan Öngen
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Correspondence to Davut Laçin.

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Responsible editor: Domenico M. Doronzo

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Laçin, D., Aysal, N. & Öngen, S. Geological mineralogical and technological properties of Oligocene–Miocene clay deposits in altered volcanic rocks for the ceramic industry (Western Anatolia, Turkey). Arab J Geosci 14, 1904 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-08244-3

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