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Salt-assisted vapor–liquid–solid growth of high-quality ultrathin nickel oxide flakes for artificial synapses in image recognition applications

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Abstract

Transition metal oxides have attracted intense interest owing to their abundant physical and chemical properties. The controlled preparation of large-area, high-quality two-dimensional crystals is essential for revealing their inherent properties and realizing high-performance devices. However, fabricating two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxides using a general approach still presents substantial challenges. Herein, we successfully achieve highly crystalline nickel oxide (NiO) flakes with a thickness as thin as 3.3 nm through the salt-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method, which demonstrated exceptional stability under ambient conditions. To explore the great potential of the NiO crystal in this work, an artificial synapse based on the NiO-flake resistive switching (RS) layer is investigated. Short-term and long-term synaptic behaviors are obtained with external stimuli. The artificial synaptic performance provides the foundation of the neuromorphic application, including handwriting number recognition based on artificial neuron network (ANN) and the virtually unsupervised learning capability based on generative adversarial network (GAN). This pioneering work not only paves new paths for the synthesis of 2D oxides in the future but also demonstrates the substantial potential of oxides in the field of neuromorphic computing.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the photo provided by Yezhou Ni for image recognition. The authors acknowledge support from the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52372055), and the Jiangsu Independent Innovation Fund Project of Agricultural Science and Technology (No. CX (21) 3163). The authors are grateful for the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SINANO).

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  1. Hui Zhang and Zongjie Shen contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Hui Zhang & Qingwen Li

  2. Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Hui Zhang, Zongjie Shen, Alei Li, Lin Wang, Qinan Wang, Yunfei Li, Yunlei Zhong, Yong Zhang, Lixing Kang & Qingwen Li

  3. College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Juntong Zhu

  4. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China

    Mengjiao Han

  5. School of Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China

    Chun Zhao

  6. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China

    Dan Tian

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  1. Hui Zhang
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Correspondence to Chun Zhao, Lixing Kang or Qingwen Li.

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Salt-assisted vapor–liquid–solid growth of high-quality ultrathin nickel oxide flakes for artificial synapses in image recognition applications

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Zhang, H., Shen, Z., Li, A. et al. Salt-assisted vapor–liquid–solid growth of high-quality ultrathin nickel oxide flakes for artificial synapses in image recognition applications. Nano Res. 17, 4622–4630 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6382-7

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