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Rational design of a hollow porous structure for enhancing diffusion kinetics of K ions in edge-nitrogen doped carbon nanorods

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Abstract

The high electrical conductivity makes it possible for one-dimensional (1D) carbon materials to be used as the promising anodes for potassium ion batteries (PIBs), however, the sluggish diffusion kinetics caused by large-sized potassium ions (K+) limits their practical applications in energy storage systems. In this work, hollow carbon nanorods were rationally designed as a case to verify the superiority of 1D hollow structure to improve the diffusion kinetics of K+. Simultaneously, edge-N (pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N) atoms were also introduced into 1D hollow carbon structure, which can provide ample active sites and defects in graphitic lattices to adsorb K+, providing extra capacitive storage capacity. As expected, the optimized edge-N doped hollow carbon nanorods (ENHCRs) exhibits a high reversible capacity of 544 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 after 200 cycles. Even at 5 A·g−1, it displays a long-term cycling stability with 255 mAh·g−1 over 10,000 cycles. The electrochemical measurements confirm that the hollow structure is favorable to improve the transfer kinetics of K+ during cycling. And the theoretical calculations demonstrate that edge-N doping can enhance the local electronegativity of graphitic lattices to adsorb much more K+, where edge-N doping synergizes with 1D hollow structure to achieve enhanced K+-storage performances.

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Acknowledgments

The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were completed on the supercomputing system in the Supercomputing Center of the University of Science and Technology of China. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21601003, 21972145, 22102169, and 52172172), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 2108085MB57), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. BH2340000137).

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Author notes

  1. Ping Niu and Yang Yang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China

    Ping Niu, Zhiqiang Li, Gaohui Ding, Lingzhi Wei, Ge Yao, Fangcai Zheng & Qianwang Chen

  2. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Yang Yang & Qianwang Chen

  3. Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China

    Ping Niu, Zhiqiang Li, Gaohui Ding, Lingzhi Wei, Ge Yao, Helin Niu & Fangcai Zheng

  4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China

    Yulin Min

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  1. Ping Niu
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  2. Yang Yang
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Correspondence to Yulin Min or Fangcai Zheng.

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Rational design of a hollow porous structure for enhancing diffusion kinetics of K ions in edge-nitrogen doped carbon nanorods

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Niu, P., Yang, Y., Li, Z. et al. Rational design of a hollow porous structure for enhancing diffusion kinetics of K ions in edge-nitrogen doped carbon nanorods. Nano Res. 15, 8109–8117 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4496-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4496-y

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