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Vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar steam generation

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Abstract

Effective utilization of abundant solar energy for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater is one of sustainable techniques for production of clean water, helping relieve global water resource shortage. Herein, we fabricate a vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti3C2Tx MXene (A-RGO/MX) hybrid hydrogel with aligned channels as an independent solar steam generation device for highly efficient solar steam generation. The vertically aligned channels, generated by a liquid nitrogen-assisted directional-freezing process, not only rapidly transport water upward to the evaporation surface for efficient solar steam generation, but also facilitate multiple reflections of solar light inside the channels for efficient solar light absorption. The deliberate slight reduction endows the RGO with plenty of polar groups, decreasing the water vaporization enthalpy effectively and hence accelerating water evaporation efficiently. The MXene sheets, infiltrated inside the A-RGO hydrogel on the basis of Marangoni effect, enhance light absorption capacity and photothermal conversion performance. As a result, the A-RGO/MX hybrid hydrogel achieves a water evaporation rate of 2.09 kg·m−2·h−1 with a high conversion efficiency of 93.5% under 1-sun irradiation. Additionally, this photothermal conversion hydrogel rapidly desalinates seawater and purifies wastewater to generate clean water with outstanding ion rejection rates of above 99% for most ions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51773008, 51533001, and U1905217) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. XK1802).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Wei Li, Xiaofeng Li, Wei Chang, Jing Wu, Pengfei Liu & Zhong-Zhen Yu

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Jianjun Wang

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Xi Yao

  4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Zhong-Zhen Yu

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  1. Wei Li
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Li, W., Li, X., Chang, W. et al. Vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar steam generation. Nano Res. 13, 3048–3056 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2970-y

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