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The Novel PRRSV Strain HBap4-2018 with a Unique Recombinant Pattern Is Highly Pathogenic to Piglets

  • RESEARCH ARTICLE
  • Published:
Virologica Sinica

Abstract

Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this study, a PRRSV strain named HBap4-2018 was isolated from swine herds suffering severe respiratory disease with high morbidity in Hebei Province of China in 2018. The genome of HBap4-2018 is 15,003 nucleotides in length, and compared with NADC30-like PRRSV, nsp2 of HBap4-2018 has an additional continuous deletion of five amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome and ORF5 showed that HBap4-2018 belonged to lineage 8 of PRRSV-2, which was characterized by highly variable genome. However, HBap4-2018 was classified into lineage 1 based on phylogenetic analysis of nsp2, sharing higher amino acid homology (85.3%–85.5%) with NADC30-like PRRSV. Further analysis suggested that HBap4-2018 was a novel natural recombinant PRRSV with three recombinant fragments in the genome, of which highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) served as the major parental strains, while NADC30-like PRRSV served as the minor parental strains. Five recombination break points were identified in nsp2, nsp3, nsp5, nsp9 and ORF6, respectively, presenting a novel recombinant pattern in the genome. Piglets inoculated with HBap4-2018 presented typical clinical signs with a mortality rate of 60%. High levels of viremia and obvious macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the lungs were observed, revealing the high pathogenicity of HBap4-2018 in piglets.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Agriculture Science and Technology Project (2020-02-08-00-08-F01465), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072861), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (20ZR1469600), and the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (CARS-35).

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  1. Pengfei Chen and Xiangmei Tan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Pengfei Chen, Xiangmei Tan, Mengqin Lao, Xia Wu, Xiongwei Zhao, Shuting Zhou, Jiarong Yu, Junrui Zhu, Lingxue Yu, Wu Tong, Fei Gao, Hai Yu, Changlong Liu, Yifeng Jiang, Guangzhi Tong & Yanjun Zhou

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Shuting Zhou

  3. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China

    Pengfei Chen, Guangzhi Tong & Yanjun Zhou

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  1. Pengfei Chen
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Contributions

YJZ and GZT conceived and designed the experiments. XMT, PFC, MQL, XW, STZ, and XWZ performed the experiments. PFC, XMT, JRY and JRZ analyzed the data. LXY, WT, and FG contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. HY, CLL and YFJ participated in analysis and discussion. PFC and XMT wrote the paper. YJZ checked and finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Guangzhi Tong or Yanjun Zhou.

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Animal and Human Rights Statement

All animal experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee of the Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SHVRI-SZ-20191112-01).

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Chen, P., Tan, X., Lao, M. et al. The Novel PRRSV Strain HBap4-2018 with a Unique Recombinant Pattern Is Highly Pathogenic to Piglets. Virol. Sin. 36, 1611–1625 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-021-00453-0

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