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Plant-Derived Natural Compounds as an Emerging Antiviral in Combating COVID-19

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human virus that burst at Wuhan in China and spread quickly over the world, leading to millions of deaths globally. The journey of this deadly virus to different mutant strains is still ongoing. The plethora of drugs and vaccines have been tested to cope up this pandemic. The herbal plants and different spices have received great attention during pandemic, because of their anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in treating viruses and their symptoms. Also, it has been shown that nano-formulation of phytochemicals has potential therapeutic effect against COVID-19. Furthermore, the plant derived compound nano-formulation specifically increases its antiviral property by enhancing its bioavailability, solubility, and target-specific delivery system. This review highlights the potentiality of herbal plants and their phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different mechanisms such as blocking the ACE-2 receptors, inhibiting the main proteases, binding spike proteins and reducing the cytokine storms.

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Acknowledgements

Sanjay Kumar is highly grateful to Sharda University for proving the resources. Also, biorender software is highly acknowledged for artwork and schemes.

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Author notes

  1. Mansi Singh and Shih-Hsiu Lo have contributed equally and shared first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, 281406, India

    Mansi Singh

  2. Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Shih-Hsiu Lo

  3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan

    Rajni Dubey

  4. Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India

    Sudhashekhar Kumar

  5. Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India

    Kundan Kumar Chaubey

  6. School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, UP, 281401, India

    Kundan Kumar Chaubey

  7. Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India

    Sanjay Kumar

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Contributions

MS and SHL collected data and prepared original draft of the manuscript. RD, SK, KKC and SK edited and reviewed the manuscript. SK and KKC conceived the idea and supervised the project. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kundan Kumar Chaubey or Sanjay Kumar.

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Singh, M., Lo, SH., Dubey, R. et al. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds as an Emerging Antiviral in Combating COVID-19. Indian J Microbiol 63, 429–446 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-023-01121-5

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