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Cognitive Dysfunction and Exercise: From Epigenetic to Genetic Molecular Mechanisms

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Abstract

Maintaining good health is crucial, and exercise plays a vital role in achieving this goal. It offers a range of positive benefits for cognitive function, regardless of age. However, as our population ages and life expectancy increases, cognitive impairment has become a prevalent issue, often coexisting with age-related neurodegenerative conditions. This can result in devastating consequences such as memory loss, difficulty speaking, and confusion, greatly hindering one’s ability to lead an ordinary life. In addition, the decrease in mental capacity has a significant effect on an individual’s physical and emotional well-being, greatly reducing their overall level of contentment and causing a significant financial burden for communities. While most current approaches aim to slow the decline of cognition, exercise offers a non-pharmacological, safe, and accessible solution. Its effects on cognition are intricate and involve changes in the brain’s neural plasticity, mitochondrial stability, and energy metabolism. Moreover, exercise triggers the release of cytokines, playing a significant role in the body–brain connection and its impact on cognition. Additionally, exercise can influence gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to lasting improvements in brain function and behavior. Herein, we summarized various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that can be modulated by exercise in cognitive dysfunction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Shanxi Province Higher Education Reform and Innovation Project (project number: J20221160) and the Shanxi Province Education Science “14th Five-Year Plan” 2021 annual project (project number: GH-21269).

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  1. Department of Physical Education, Luliang University, Lishi, 033000, Shanxi, China

    Runhong Zhang & Shangwu Liu

  2. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi

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Runhong Zhang and Shangwu Liu involved in manuscript drafting and data collection. All authors approved the final paper. Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi oversaw the study.

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Zhang, R., Liu, S. & Mousavi, S.M. Cognitive Dysfunction and Exercise: From Epigenetic to Genetic Molecular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-03970-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-03970-7

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