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Recent progress of experimental model in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: drawbacks and challenges

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Abstract

The neuroendocrine neoplasm, in general, refers to a heterogeneous group of all tumors originating from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are divided into two histopathological subtypes: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors account for more than 80% of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Due to the greater proportion of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors compared to pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, this review will only focus on them. The worldwide incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is rising year by year due to sensitive detection with an emphasis on medical examinations and the improvement of testing technology. Although the biological behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors tends to be inert, distant metastasis is common, often occurring very early. Because of the paucity of basic research on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, the mechanism of tumor development, metastasis, and recurrence are still unclear. In this context, the representative preclinical models simulating the tumor development process are becoming ever more widely appreciated to address the clinical problems of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. So far, there is no comprehensive report on the experimental model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This article systematically summarizes the characteristics of preclinical models, such as patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mouse models, and patient-derived organoids, and their advantages and disadvantages, to provide a reference for further studies of neuroendocrine tumors. We also highlight the method of establishment of liver metastasis mouse models.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20374), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (21JC1401500), Scientific Innovation Project of Shanghai Education Committee (2019-01-07-00-07-E00057), Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR1006A), Xuhui District Artificial Intelligence Medical Hospital Cooperation Project (2021-011) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82141129, 82141104).

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All authors contributed to the literature Search and model summary. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Y.W., F.W., and Y.Q., so they share the first authorship. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Yan Wang, Fei Wang, Yi Qin

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Yan Wang, Fei Wang, Yi Qin, Xin Lou, Zeng Ye, Wuhu Zhang, Heli Gao, Jie Chen, Xiaowu Xu, Xianjun Yu & Shunrong Ji

  2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Yan Wang, Fei Wang, Yi Qin, Xin Lou, Zeng Ye, Wuhu Zhang, Heli Gao, Jie Chen, Xiaowu Xu, Xianjun Yu & Shunrong Ji

  3. Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Yan Wang, Fei Wang, Yi Qin, Xin Lou, Zeng Ye, Wuhu Zhang, Heli Gao, Jie Chen, Xiaowu Xu, Xianjun Yu & Shunrong Ji

  4. Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Yan Wang, Fei Wang, Yi Qin, Xin Lou, Zeng Ye, Wuhu Zhang, Heli Gao, Jie Chen, Xiaowu Xu, Xianjun Yu & Shunrong Ji

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Wang, Y., Wang, F., Qin, Y. et al. Recent progress of experimental model in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: drawbacks and challenges. Endocrine 80, 266–282 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03299-6

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