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“Cutting the Mustard” with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview and Applications in Healthcare Paradigm

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Abstract

Treatment of numerous ailments has been made accessible by the advent of genetic engineering, where the self-renewal property has unfolded the mysteries of regeneration, i.e., stem cells. This is narrowed down to pluripotency, the cell property of differentiating into other adult cells. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was a major breakthrough in 2006, which was generated by a cocktail of 4 Yamanaka Factors, following which significant advancements have been reported in medical science and therapeutics. The iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells, and the fascinating results focused on developing authentic techniques for their generation via molecular reprogramming mechanisms, with a plethora of molecules, like NANOG, miRNAs, and DNA modifying agents, etc. The iPSCs have exhibited reliable results in assessing the etiology and molecular mechanisms of diseases, followed by the development of possible treatments and the elimination of risks of immune rejection. The authors formulate a comprehensive review to develop a clear understanding of iPSC generation, their advantages and limitations, with potential challenges associated with their medical utility. In addition, a wide compendium of applications of iPSCs in regenerative medicine and disease modeling has been discussed, alongside bioengineering technologies for iPSC reprogramming, expansion, isolation, and differentiation. The manuscript aims to provide a holistic picture of the booming advancement of iPSC therapy, to attract the attention of global researchers, to investigate this versatile approach in treatment of multiple disorders, subsequently overcoming the challenges, in order to effectively expand its therapeutic window.

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Acknowledgments

E.M. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (5T32EB009035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India

    Tapan Behl, Ishnoor Kaur, Aayush Sehgal, Sukhbir Singh & Neelam Sharma

  2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Sridevi Chigurupati

  3. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Shatha Ghazi Felemban

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Amal M. Alsubayiel

  5. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Shahid Iqbal

  6. Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

    Saurabh Bhatia & Ahmed Al-Harrasi

  7. School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Saurabh Bhatia

  8. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania

    Simona Bungau

  9. Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Ebrahim Mostafavi

  10. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Ebrahim Mostafavi

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All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, or took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Behl, T., Kaur, I., Sehgal, A. et al. “Cutting the Mustard” with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview and Applications in Healthcare Paradigm. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 18, 2757–2780 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-022-10390-4

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