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Optimizing Chitosan/Collagen Type I/Nanohydroxyapatite Cross-linked Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Bio-composite scaffolds mimicking the natural microenvironment of bone tissue offer striking advantages in material-guided bone regeneration. The combination of biodegradable natural polymers and bioactive ceramics that leverage potent bio-mimicking cues has been an active strategy to achieve success in bone tissue engineering. Herein, a competitive approach was followed to point out an optimized bio-composite scaffold in terms of scaffold properties and stimulation of osteoblast differentiation. The scaffolds, composed of chitosan/collagen type I/nanohydroxyapatite (Chi/Coll/nHA) as the most attractive components in bone tissue engineering, were analyzed. The scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method and cross-linked using different types of cross-linkers. Based on the physicochemical and mechanical characterization, the scaffolds were eliminated comparatively. All types of scaffolds displayed highly porous structures. The cross-linker type and collagen content had prominent effects on mechanical strength. Glyoxal cross-linked structures displayed optimum mechanical and structural properties. The MC3T3‐E1 proliferation, osteogenic‐related gene expression, and matrix mineralization were better pronounced in collagen presence and triggered as collagen type I amount was increased. The results highlighted that glyoxal cross-linked scaffolds containing equal amounts of Chi and Coll by mass and 1% (w/v) nHA are the best candidates for osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization.

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Funding

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) with grant no. 116M437.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayşe Karakeçili

  2. Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Serdar Korpayev

  3. Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey

    Kaan Orhan

  4. Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey

    Kaan Orhan

Authors
  1. Ayşe Karakeçili
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  2. Serdar Korpayev
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  3. Kaan Orhan
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Ayşe Karakeçili, Serdar Korpayev; methodology: Ayşe Karakeçili, Serdar Korpayev; formal analysis and investigation: Ayşe Karakeçili, Serdar Korpayev; writing–original draft preparation: Ayşe Karakeçili; writing–review and editing: Serdar Korpayev; funding acquisition: Ayşe Karakeçili; resources: Ayşe Karakeçili, Kaan Orhan; supervision: Ayşe Karakeçili.

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Correspondence to Ayşe Karakeçili or Serdar Korpayev.

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Karakeçili, A., Korpayev, S. & Orhan, K. Optimizing Chitosan/Collagen Type I/Nanohydroxyapatite Cross-linked Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 3843–3859 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03962-0

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