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Targeting Angiogenesis Alone and in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Gastroesophageal Malignancies

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review critically examines the latest approaches in treating advanced gastroesophageal malignancies. It emphasizes the significance of angiogenesis as a therapeutic target and discusses the potential synergy of combining angiogenesis inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to enhance treatment efficacy.

Recent Findings

Emerging evidence from clinical trials, such as the INTEGRATE IIa trial with regorafenib and studies involving apatinib and sunitinib, underscores the efficacy of targeting the VEGFR pathway. These studies indicate substantial benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced stages of the disease who have limited treatment options. Additionally, the recent introduction of combination therapies involving ICIs has shown an increased response rate, suggesting a promising direction for future treatment protocols.

Summary

The landscape of treatment for gastroesophageal malignancies is rapidly evolving. Research is now pivoting from conventional chemotherapy to a more nuanced approach that includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Alireza Tojjari & Anwaar Saeed

  2. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA

    Robin Park & James Yu

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Contributions

A.T. and A.S. were responsible for conceptualization and resources.

A.T. and A.S. were responsible for writing the original draft. A.T., R.P., J.Y. and A.S. were responsible for writing—review, editing, and supervision. A.T. was responsible for visualizations.

All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anwaar Saeed.

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Competing Interests

Anwaar Saeed reports research grants (to institution) from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Clovis, Exelixis, Actuate Therapeutics, Incyte Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Five Prime Therapeutics, Amgen, Innovent Biologics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, BioNtech, and advisory board fees from Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Taiho, and Pfizer. The remaining authors have no relevant financial interests to disclose.

Conflicts of Interest

Anwaar Saeed reports research grants (to institution) from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Clovis, Exelixis, Actuate Therapeutics, Incyte Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Five Prime Therapeutics, Amgen, Innovent Biologics, Dragonfly Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, BioNtech, and advisory board fees from Merck, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Exelixis, Taiho, and Pfizer. The remaining authors have no relevant financial interests to disclose.

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Tojjari, A., Park, R., Yu, J. et al. Targeting Angiogenesis Alone and in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Gastroesophageal Malignancies. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 26, 57–67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-024-00920-0

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