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Chemical vapor deposited diamond with versatile grades: from gemstone to quantum electronics

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Abstract

Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond as a burgeoning multifunctional material with tailored quality and characteristics can be artificially synthesized and controlled for various applications. Correspondingly, the application-related “grade” concept associated with materials choice and design was gradually formulated, of which the availability and the performance are optimally suited. In this review, the explicit diversity of CVD diamond and the clarification of typical grades for applications, i.e., from resplendent gem-grade to promising quantum-grade, were systematically summarized and discussed, according to the crystal quality and main consideration of ubiquitous nitrogen impurity content as well as major applications. Realizations of those, from quantum-grade with near-ideal crystal to electronic-grade having extremely low imperfections and then to optical, thermal as well as mechanical-grade needing controlled flaws and allowable impurities, would competently fulfill the multi-field application prospects with appropriate choice in terms of cost and quality. Exceptionally, wide range defects and impurities in the gem-grade diamond (only indicating single crystal), which are detrimental for technology applications, endows CVD crystals with fancy colors to challenge their natural counterparts.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFE0133200), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange Scheme (Grant No. 734578), the Post-doctor Research Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing (Grant No. 2021BH006), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52172037), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2212036 and 4192038), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-MP-20-49Z), and the Science and Technology Innovation Special Project of Foshan Government (Grant Nos. BK20BE021 and BK21BE004). Special thanks to the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2021A1515110631) and the national high-level-university sponsored graduate program of China Scholarship Council (CSC No. 201806460089), USTB-Monte Biance Joint R&D Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology (IAMT), State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yuting Zheng, Chengming Li, Jinlong Liu & Junjun Wei

  2. Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China

    Yuting Zheng, Junjun Wei & Xiaotong Zhang

  3. School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yuting Zheng & Xiaotong Zhang

  4. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xiaotong Zhang

  5. School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Haitao Ye

  6. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China

    Xiaoping Ouyang

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  1. Yuting Zheng
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  2. Chengming Li
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  3. Jinlong Liu
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  4. Junjun Wei
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  5. Xiaotong Zhang
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  6. Haitao Ye
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  7. Xiaoping Ouyang
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Correspondence to Chengming Li or Jinlong Liu.

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Zheng, Y., Li, C., Liu, J. et al. Chemical vapor deposited diamond with versatile grades: from gemstone to quantum electronics. Front. Mater. Sci. 16, 220590 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-022-0590-z

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