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Cortical thinning and altered functional brain coherence in survivors of childhood sarcoma

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Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy is increasingly evidenced to be neurotoxic and result in long-term neurocognitive sequelae. However, research investigating grey matter alterations in childhood cancer patients remains limited. As childhood sarcoma patients receive high-dose chemotherapy, we aimed to investigate cortical brain alterations in adult survivors. We analyzed high-resolution structural (T1-weighted) MRI and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI), to derive structural and functional cortical information in survivors of childhood sarcoma, treated with high-dose intravenous chemotherapy (n = 33). These scans were compared to age- and gender- matched controls (n = 34). Cortical volume and thickness were investigated using voxel-based morphometry and vertex-wise surface-based morphometry. Brain regions showing significant group differences in volume or thickness were implemented as seeds of interest to estimate their resting state co-activity with other areas (i.e. functional coherence). We explored whether structural measures were associated with potential risk factors, such as age at diagnosis, and cumulative doses of chemotherapeutic agents (methotrexate, ifosfamide). Finally, we investigated the link between functional regional strength, neurocognitive assessments and daily life complaints. In patients relative to controls we observed lower grey matter volumes in cerebellar and frontal areas, as well as frontal cortical thinning. Cerebellar volume and orbitofrontal thickness appeared dose- and age-related, respectively. Cortical thickness of the parahippocampal area appeared lower, only if the group comparison was not adjusted for depression. This region specifically showed lower functional coherence, which was associated with lower processing speed. This study suggests cortical thinning as well as decreased functional coherence in survivors of childhood sarcoma, which could be important for both long-term attentional functioning and emotional distress in daily life. Frontal areas might be specifically vulnerable during adolescence.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Ahmed Radwan for sharing his neuroradiological knowledge. In addition, we thank Floris Pelkmans and Iris Elens for their help during data acquisition and sharing data. This work was supported by the Kinderkankerfonds Leuven. In addition, JB acknowledges support from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, grant no. 11B9919N). DB acknowledges support from the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Medical Engineering [WT 203148/Z/16/Z]; the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London; and the NIHR-BRC at Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Charlotte Sleurs, Jeroen Blommaert & Anne Uyttebroeck

  2. Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK

    Dafnis Batalle

  3. Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Dafnis Batalle

  4. Department of Neurosciences, ExpORL, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Marjolein Verly

  5. Department of Radiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Stefan Sunaert & Ron Peeters

  6. Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Stefan Sunaert & Sabine Deprez

  7. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Jurgen Lemiere & Anne Uyttebroeck

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  1. Charlotte Sleurs
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  2. Jeroen Blommaert
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  3. Dafnis Batalle
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  4. Marjolein Verly
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  5. Stefan Sunaert
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  6. Ron Peeters
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  7. Jurgen Lemiere
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  8. Anne Uyttebroeck
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  9. Sabine Deprez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charlotte Sleurs.

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The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. This was a study involving human participants. All participants have received and signed the informed consents of the study.

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Highlights

• Frontal, parahippocampal and cerebellar cortical thinning in childhood cancer survivors.

• Cortical thinning appear chemotherapy dose-related as well as age-related.

• Altered functional coherence in patients is associated with lower processing speed.

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Sleurs, C., Blommaert, J., Batalle, D. et al. Cortical thinning and altered functional brain coherence in survivors of childhood sarcoma. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 677–688 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00276-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00276-9

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