Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of the Thin Silver Layer in SnO2/Ag/SnO2 Nano-Coatings with Low Emission for Energy Storage

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study was done to investigate the effect of changing the silver deposition time as the middle layer in three-layer SnO2(50 nm)/Ag(t)/SnO2(50 nm) structures on the glass substrate using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) and DC/RF magnetron sputtering to examine the targeted layers. The optical, electrical, and thermal characteristics of the samples were studied. The results showed that the SnO2/Ag/SnO2 three-layer structures have the necessary and favorable conditions for heat-insulating and energy-saving coatings on building windows. Therefore, considering a deposition time of 20 s for silver, the values of emissivity and U-factor are minimum and equal to 0.06 W/m2 k and 1.41 W/m2 k, respectively. As a result, heat transfer from the environment and sunlight radiation from this cover is minimized. Also, transmission at the wavelength of 550 nm for the sample with the deposition time of 20 s and 25 s is maximum and equal to 70% and 75%, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.L. Grilli, Metal oxides. Metals 10(6), 820 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. X.P. Zhai, L.F. Gao, H. Zhang, Y. Peng, X.D. Zhang, Q. Wang, and H.L. Zhang, Defect engineering of ultrathin WO3 nanosheets: implications for nonlinear optoelectronic devices. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5(1), 1169–117 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G.K. Dalapati, A.K. Kushwaha, M. Sharma, V. Suresh, S. Shannigrahi, S. Zhuk, and S. Masudy-Panah, Transparent heat regulating (THR) materials and coatings for energy saving window applications: impact of materials design, micro-structural, and interface quality on the THR performance”. Progr. Mater. Sci. 95, 42–131 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Kong and H.-Y. Lee, High performance flexible transparent conductive electrode based on ZnO/AgOx/ZnO multilayer. Thin Solid Films 696, 137759 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Shihui, W. Zhang, L. Li, D. Xu, H. Dong, and Y. Jin, Optimization of SnO2/Ag/SnO2 tri-layer films as transparent composite electrode with high figure of merit. Thin Solid Films 552, 150–154 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L.H. Qin, Y.Q. Yan, G. Yu, Z.Y. Zhang, T. Zhama, and H. Sun, Research progress of transparent electrode materials with sandwich structure. Materials 14(15), 4097 (2021).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Lee, D. Kim, M.E. Suk, G. Bang, J. Choi, J.S. Bae, J.H. Yoon, W.J. Moon, and D. Choi, Regulating Ag wettability via modulating surface stoichiometry of ZnO substrates for flexible electronics. Advanced Functional Materials 31(36), 2104372 (2021).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Choi, G. Bang, T. Lee, V.T.B. Tran, J.S. Bae, and D. Choi, Simultaneous enhancement in visible transparency and electrical conductivity via the physicochemical alterations of ultrathin-silver-film-based transparent electrodes. Nano Letters 22(7), 3133–3140 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. V. Raman and H.-K. Kim, Inverted organic photovoltaics using highly transparent and flexible InGaON/AgTi/InGaON multilayer electrodes. J. Alloy. Compd. 905, 164244 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Ozbay, N. Erdogan, F. Erden, M. Ekmekcioglu, M. Ozdemir, G. Aygun, and L. Ozyuzer, Surface free energy analysis of ITO/Au/ITO multilayer thin films on polycarbonate substrate by apparent contact angle measurements. Appl. Surf. Sci. 529, 147111 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, M. Rahman, M.K. Basher, M. Vasiliev, and K. Alameh, Optical and chromaticity properties of metal-dielectric composite-based multilayer thin-film structures prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. Coatings 10(3), 251 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G.K. Dalapati, H. Sharma, A. Guchhait, N. Chakrabarty, P. Bamola, Q. Liu, and G. Saianand, Tin oxide for optoelectronic, photovoltaic and energy storage devices: a review. J. Mater. Chem. A 9(31), 16621–16684 (2021).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Cho and G. Jang, Figure of merit and bending characteristics of Mn-SnO2/Ag/Mn-SnO2 tri-layer film. J. Korean Cryst. Growth Cryst. Technol. 31(4), 190–195 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  14. S.K. Kang, D.Y. Kang, J.W. Park, K.R. Son, and T.G. Kim, Work function-tunable ZnO/Ag/ZnO film as an effective hole injection electrode prepared via nickel doping for thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based flexible blue organic light-emitting diodes. Appl. Surf. Sci. 538, 148202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Choi, The transmittance modulation of ZnO/Ag/ZnO flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by magnetron sputtering. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 20(1), 379–383 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. A.V. Takaloo, H.J. Lee, T.H. Park, T.D. Dongale, Y.U. Kim, D.H. Choi, and T.G. Kim, Haze-enhanced ZnO/Ag/ZnO nanomesh electrode for flexible, high-efficiency indoor organic photovoltaics. J. Power Sour. 515, 230589 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Girtan and B. Negulescu, A review on oxide/metal/oxide thin films on flexible substrates as electrodes for organic and perovskite solar cells. Opt. Mater. X 13, 100122 (2022).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Rabizadeh, M.H. Ehsani, and M.M. Shahidi, ZnO/metal/ZnO (metal = Ag, Pt, Au) films for energy-saving in windows application. Sci. Rep. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20043-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Ferhati and F. Djeffal, Performance assessment of TCO/metal/TCO multilayer transparent electrodes: from design concept to optimization. J. Comput. Electron. 19(2), 815–824 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Z. Wang, R. Li, M. Zhang, and M. Guo, Air fabrication of SnO2 based planar perovskite solar cells with an efficiency approaching 20%: synergistic passivation of multi-defects by choline chloride. Ceram. Int. 48, 1212–223 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  21. C. Rameshkumar, D. Ananth, V. Divyalakshmi, M. Balakrishnan, G. Senthilkumar, and R. Subalakshmi, An investigation of SnO2 nanofilm for solar cell application by spin coating technique. AIP Conf. Proc. 2341(1), 040024 (2021).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.P. Wang, J.G. Lu, X. Bie, Z.Z. Ye, X. Li, D. Song, X.Y. Zhao, and W.Y. Ye, Transparent conductive and near-infrared reflective Cu-based Al-doped ZnO multilayer films grown by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(14), 5966–5971 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.01.068.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Rabizadeh and M.H. Ehsani, Effect of heat treatment on optical, electrical and thermal properties of ZnO/Cu/ZnO thin films for energy-saving application. Ceram. Int. 48(11), 16108–16113 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Rabizadeh, M.H. Ehsani, and M.H. Shahidi, Tuning the optical properties of SnO2/Ag/SnO2 tri-layers by changing Ag thickness. Infrared Phys. Technol. 109, 103421 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.M. Rozati and S.A.M. Ziabari, A review of various single layer, bilayer, and multilayer TCO materials and their applications. Mater. Chem. Phys. 292, 126789 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Kim, S. Baek, J.Y. Park, K.H. Kim, and J.L. Lee, Photonic multilayer structure induced high near‐infrared (NIR) blockage as energy‐saving window. Small 17(29), 2100654 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202100654.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Liu, Q. Chen, G. Liu, T. Tao, H. Sun, Zh. Lin, L. Chen, Q. Miao, and J. Li, Molecularly engineered CMC-caged PNIPAM for broadband light management in energy-saving window. Carbohyd. Polym. 281, 119056 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Z. Wang, Qi. Tian, and J. Jia, Numerical study on performance optimization of an energy-saving insulated window. Sustainability 132, 935 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S.A. Moghaddam, M. Mattsson, A. Ameen, J. Akander, M.G. Da Silva, and N. Simões, Low-emissivity window films as an energy retrofit option for a historical stone building in cold climate. Energies 14(22), 7584 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Sun, D. Zhang, H. Yin, L. Cheng, H. Yuan, and C. Yang, Preparation of AZO/Cu/AZO films with low infrared emissivity, high conductivity and high transmittance by adjusting the AZO layer. Appl. Surf. Sci. 578, 152051 (2022).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M.W. Alhamd, S.N. Atiyah, and F.T. Almusawi, Arrangement of silver nanostructures on permeable silicon and examination of their optical properties. Iraqi J. Nanotechnol. 2, 1–6 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. T. Duguet, A. Gavrielides, J. Esvan, T. Mineva, and C. Lacaze-Dufaure, DFT simulation of XPS reveals Cu/epoxy polymer interfacial bonding. J. Phys. Chem. C 123(51), 30917–30925 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. W. Wang, I.X. Wei, Ch. Wang, W. Zhou, B. Zhu, Ch. Wang, and L. Liu, Fabrication and thermo stability of the SnO2/Ag/SnO2 tri-layer transparent conductor deposited by magnetic sputtering. Ceram. Int. 47(3), 3548–3552 (2021).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.K. Jang, H. Jin Kim, J.W. Choi, Y.H. Lee, S.B. Heo, Y.S. Kim, Y.M. Kong, and D. Kim, Influence of Ag interlayer on the optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films. J. Korean Inst. Surf. Eng. 54(3), 119–123 (2021).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J.K. Jang, H.J. Kim, J.W. Choi, Y.H. Lee, Y.M. Kong, S.B. Heo, Y.S. Kim, and D. Kim, The Effect of electron beam surface irradiation on the properties of SnO2/Ag/SnO2 thin films. J. Korean Inst. Surf. Eng. 54(6), 302–306 (2021).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M.M. Shahidi and M.H. Ehsani, Effect of GLAD technique on optical and electrical properties of SnO2/Ag/SnO2 structure. Infrared Phys. Technol. 106, 103263 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. E.H. Nezhad, H. Haratizadeh, and B.M. Kari, Influence of Ag mid-layer in the optical and thermal properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnO thin films on the glass used in Buildings as insulating glass unit (IGU). Ceram. Int. 45(8), 9950–9954 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.02.037.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. F.M. Tezel and I.A. Kari̇per, Structural and optical properties of undoped and silver, lithium and cobalt-doped ZnO thin films. Surf. Rev. Lett. 27(04), 1950138 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C. Zhang, J. Zhao, H. Wu, and Sh. Yu, The enhancement of thermal endurance in doped low emissive ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer thin film. J. Alloy. Compd. 832, 154983 (2020).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. V. Ramana, S. Saboor. A novel glazing system filled with hydrogel granules: energy saving, diurnal illumination, color rendering, and CO2 emission mitigation prospective. Energy Sour. Part A Recov. Util. Environ. Effects, 1–16 (2020).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

    Seyyed Javad Mohammadi Baygi

Authors
  1. Seyyed Javad Mohammadi Baygi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyyed Javad Mohammadi Baygi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baygi, S.J.M. Effect of the Thin Silver Layer in SnO2/Ag/SnO2 Nano-Coatings with Low Emission for Energy Storage. J. Electron. Mater. 52, 4532–4539 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10339-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-023-10339-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation