Abstract
Zinc shows great promise as a bioabsorbable metal; however, the low tensile strength of pure zinc limits its application for endovascular stent purposes. In this study, a new Zn-xLi alloy (with x = 2, 4, 6 at. pct) was prepared by induction melting in an argon atmosphere and processed through hot rolling. Structures of the formulated binary alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Mechanical testing showed that the incorporation of Li into Zn increased ultimate tensile strength from <120 MPa (pure Zn) to >560 MPa (x = 6 at. pct). In vitro corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The Zn-2Li and Zn-4Li corrosion study demonstrated that corrosion rates and products resemble those observed for pure Zn in vivo, and in addition, the Zn-4Li alloy exhibits higher resistance to corrosion as compared to Zn-2Li. The findings herein encourage further exploration of Zn-Li systems for structural use in biomedical vascular support applications with the ultimate goal of simplifying stent procedures, thereby reducing stent-related complications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Farb, Circulation 2002, vol. 105, pp. 2974–80.
S. Cook, P. Wenaweser, M. Togni, M. Billinger, C. Morger, C. Seiler, R. Vogel, O. Hess, B. Meier and S. Windecker, Circulation 2007, vol. 115, pp. 2426–34.
A. Colombo and E. Karvouni, Circulation 2000, vol. 102, pp. 371–73.
P. Erne, M. Schier and T. J. Resink, Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2006, vol. 29, pp. 11–6
M. Peuster, P. Wohlsein, M. Brugmann, M. Ehlerding, K. Seidler, C. Fink, H. Brauer, A. Fischer and G. Hausdorf, Heart 2001, vol. 86, pp. 563–69
Waksman, R.O.N., Pakala, R., Baffour, R., Seabron, R., Hellinga, D. and Tio, F.O, J Interv Cardiol 2008, vol. 21, pp. 15–20
P. K. Bowen, E.R. Shearier, S. Zhao, R.J. Guillory Ii, F. Zhao, J. Goldman and J. Drelich, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2016, vol. 05 pp. 1121–40.
S. Nishio, K. Kosuga, K. Igaki, M. Okada, E. Kyo, T. Tsuji, E. Takeuchi, Y. Inuzuka, S. Takeda, T. Hata, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Kawada, T. Harita, J. Seki, S. Akamatsu, S. Hasegawa, N. Bruining, S. Brugaletta, S. de Winter, T. Muramatsu, Y. Onuma, P.W. Serruys, S. Ikeguchi, Circulation 2012, vol. 125, pp. 2343–53
M. Moravej, F. Prima, M. Fiset and D. Mantovani, Acta Biomaterialia 2010, vol. 6, pp. 1726–35
M. Moravej H. Hermawan, D. Dubé, M. Fiset, D. Mantovani, Advanced Materials Research 2006, vol. 15–17, pp. 113–18.
Lei Yang and Erlin Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2009, vol. 29, pp. 1691–96.
R. Waksman, R. Pakala, P.K. Kuchulakanti, R. Baffour, D. Hellinga, R. Seabron, F.O. Tio, E. Wittchow, S. Hartwig, C. Harder, R. Rohde, B. Heublein, A. Andreae, K.H. Waldmann, A. Haverich, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2006, vol. 68, pp. 607–17
Haim Tapiero and Kenneth D. Tew, Biomed. Pharmacother. 2003, vol. 57, pp. 399–411.
P. K. Bowen, J. Drelich and J. Goldman, Adv Mater 2013, vol. 25, pp. 2577–82.
R. J. Werkhoven, W. H. Sillekens and J. B. J. M. van Lieshout, In Magnesium Technology 2011, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2011, pp 419–24.
D. Vojtech, J. Kubasek, J. Serak and P. Novak, Acta Biomater 2011, vol. 7, pp. 3515–22
J.-M. Seitz, M. Durisin, J. Goldman, and J.W. Drelich, Adv. Health. Mater. 2015, vol. 4, pp. 1915-36.
Zhang, X., Yuan, G., Wang, Z., Mater. Lett. 2012, vol. 74, pp. 128–31
Feng Kang, Jin Qiang Liu, Jing Tao Wang and Xiang Zhao, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2010, vol. 12, pp. 730–34.
A.D. Pelton, Journal of Phase Equilibria 1991, vol. 12, pp. 42–45.
G. N. Schrauzer, J Am Coll Nutr 2002, vol. 21, pp. 14–21
Food and Nutrition Board Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC: National Academy Press 2001.
Liping Xu, Guoning Yu, Erlin Zhang, Feng Pan and Ke Yang, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 2007, vol. 83A, pp. 703–11.
F. Witte, I. Abeln, E. Switzer, V. Kaese, A. Meyer-Lindenberg and H. Windhagen, J Biomed Mater Res A 2008, vol. 86, pp. 1041–47.
M. Thomann, Ch Krause, D. Bormann, N. von der Höh, H. Windhagen and A. Meyer-Lindenberg, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2009, vol. 40, pp. 82–87
F. Witte, J. Fischer, J. Nellesen, C. Vogt, J. Vogt, T. Donath and F. Beckmann, Acta Biomater 2010, vol. 6, pp. 1792–99.
Nina von der Höh Annett Krause, Dirk Bormann, Christian Krause, Friedrich-Willhelm Bach, Henning Windhagen, Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg, J. Mater. Sci. 2010, vol. 45, pp. 624–32.
V. Pavlyuk, I. Chumak, L. Akselrud, S. Lidin and H. Ehrenberg, Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater. 2014, vol. 70(Pt 2), pp. 212–17.
Jiqiang Wang, Paul King and R. A. Huggins, Solid State Ionics 1986, vol. 20, pp. 185–89.
Marie-Pierre Bichat, Jean-Louis Pascal, Frédéric Gillot and Frédéric Favier, Chem. Mater. 2005, vol. 17, pp. 6761–71.
E. Zintl and A. Schneider, Z. Elektrochem. Angew. Phys. Chem. 1935, vol. 41, pp. 764–67
H. Schönemann and H.-U. Schuster, Rev. Chim. Miner. 1976, vol. 13, pp. 32–40.
V. Pavlyuk, I. Chumak and H. Ehrenberg, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 2012, vol. 68, pp. 34–39.
T. Kokubo, S. Kushitani H Fau - Sakka, T. Sakka S Fau - Kitsugi, T. Kitsugi T Fau - Yamamuro and T. Yamamuro, J Biomed Mater Res. 1990, vol. 24, pp. 721–34.
Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals ASTM G31-72, (ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 2004).
Q Wang, L.L Tan, W.L. Xu, B.C. Zhang and K. Yang, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 2011, vol. 176, pp. 1718–26.
Frank Witte, Jens Fischer, Jens Nellesen, Horst-Artur Crostack, Volker Kaese, Alexander Pisch, Felix Beckmann and Henning Windhagen, Biomaterials 2006, vol. 27, pp. 1013–18.
L. Yang and E.L. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2009, vol. 29, pp. 1691–1696.
J. A. Helson and H. J. Breme: Metals as Biomaterials. Wiley, New York, 1998, pp 101–51
M. A. Khan, R. L. Williams and D. F. Williams, Biomaterials. 1999, vol. 20, pp. 631–37.
Pascal J L Bichat M P, Gillot F, Favier F. , Chem. Mater. 2005, vol. 17, pp. 6761-6771.
Denny A. Jones, Principles and prevention of corrosion (2nd Edition) 1996.
P. K. Bowen, J. Drelich and J. Goldman, Acta Biomater. 2014, vol. 10, pp. 1475–83.
Acknowledgments
U.S. National Institute of Health—National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Grant #1R15HL129199-01) and U.S. National Institute of Health—National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (Grant #5R21 EB 019118-02) are acknowledged for funding this work. The authors thank Paul Fraley for tensile testing. The authors also thank the staff of the Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory for assisting with the sample preparation for electron imaging.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted June 23, 2016.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, S., McNamara, C.T., Bowen, P.K. et al. Structural Characteristics and In Vitro Biodegradation of a Novel Zn-Li Alloy Prepared by Induction Melting and Hot Rolling. Metall Mater Trans A 48, 1204–1215 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3901-0
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3901-0