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Global prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity amongst middle aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Purpose

Osteosarcopenic obesity syndrome (OSO) is a recently recognized disorder encompassing osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. However, evidence in pooling knowledge regarding the prevalence of OSO worldwide is scarce. Hence, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of OSO in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

We conducted systematic searches in Scopus, Embase, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from inception until October 2022. We evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The meta-analysis results using a random-effects model included the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We included 20 studies with a total of 23,909 participants. Most of the studies were of good quality. The final pooled prevalence of OSO in middle-aged and older adults worldwide was 8% (95% CI: 6%-11%; n = 20). Females (pooled prevalence = 9%; 95% CI:7%-12%; n = 17) had a higher burden of OSO than males (pooled prevalence = 5%; 95% CI:3%-8%; n = 11). We also found that the burden was higher among studies reporting OSO prevalence only in the elderly population (pooled prevalence = 13%; 95% CI: 9%-17%). The asymmetric nature of the funnel plot indicates the presence of publication bias. Additional sensitivity analysis did not reveal any significant variation in the pooled effect size estimation.

Conclusion

Approximately one in ten middle-aged and older adults suffer from OSO. The burden was highest among females and older adults. Diagnostic and intervention packages targeting such patients should be developed and implemented in high-risk settings.

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Data Availability

Data will be made available upon reasonable request from investigators.

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Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China, Grant/Award Number: 2018YFC2002100 and 2018YFC2002103.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Ying Liu, Qinjian Hao & Jinhui Wu

  2. Early Phase Clinical Research Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yi Song

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Correspondence to Jinhui Wu.

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Ying Liu, Yi Song, Qinjian Hao, Jinhui Wu declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Liu, Y., Song, Y., Hao, Q. et al. Global prevalence of osteosarcopenic obesity amongst middle aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 18, 60 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-023-01247-5

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