Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development and Characterization of Fully Hydrogenated Soybean Oil and High Oleic Sunflower Oil β-carotene Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

  • RESEARCH
  • Published:
Food Biophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have shown great potential as a delivery system for lipophilic bioactive compounds as they provide protection, high water dispersibility, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability. The less compact crystal structure created by high- and low-melting-point lipids has more space for the entrapment of bioactive compounds, such as β-carotene, the carotenoid with the highest provitamin A activity. The objective of this study was to produce and characterise β-carotene-loaded NLC. The study assessed the physical and crystallization properties, entrapment efficiency (EE), and loading capacity (LC) of NLC produced with fully hydrogenated soybean oil and high oleic sunflower oil as high- and low-melting-point lipid matrices, respectively, and soy lecithin, Tween 80, and whey protein isolate (WPI) as emulsifiers. WPI promoted the production of NLC with larger particle size, lower physical stability, and lower IE and LC, compared with other emulsifiers. The melting range of the resulting NLC was within a suitable range for incorporation in foods, with a peak melting temperature above body temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data available on request from the authors.

References

  1. Y.D. Livney, Curr. Opin. Food Sci. 3, 125 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Pezeshki, H. Hamishehkar, B. Ghanbarzadeh, I. Fathollahy, F. KeivaniNahr, M. KhakbazHeshmati, M. Mohammadi, Food Biosci. 27, 11 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D.J. McClements, E.A. Decker, J. Weiss, J. Food Sci. 72, 109 (2007)

  4. H.D. Silva, M.Â. Cerqueira, A.A. Vicente, Food Bioprocess Technol. 5, 854 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. P.P. Santos, L. de A. Andrade, S.H. Flôres, A. de O. Rios, J. Food Sci. Technol. 55, 3851 (2018).

  6. L. Chen, G.E. Remondetto, M. Subirade, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17, 272 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Grune, G. Lietz, A. Palou, A.C. Ross, W. Stahl, G. Tang, D. Thurnham, S.A. Yin, H.K. Biesalski, J. Nutr. 140, 226 (2010)

  8. L. Taiz, E. Zeiger Ian Max Møller, and A. Murphy, Fisiologia e Desenvolvimento Vegetal - 6a Edição (2017).

  9. T.C. Brito-Oliveira, C.V. Molina, F.M. Netto, S.C. Pinho, J. Food Sci. 82, 659 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. I. Katouzian, A. Faridi Esfanjani, S.M. Jafari, S. Akhavan, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 68, 14 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Park, S. Mun, Y.R. Kim, Food Biophys. 13, 147 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. A. Hentschel, S. Gramdorf, R.H. Müller, T. Kurz, J. Food Sci. 73, 1 (2008)

  13. C.H. Liu, C.T. Wu, Colloids Surf. A 353, 149 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Assadpour, S. Mahdi Jafari, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 59, 3129 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Kharat, D.J. McClements, Food Res. Int. 126, 108601 (2019)

  16. S. M. Jafari, P. Paximada, I. Mandala, E. Assadpour, M.A. Mehrnia, in Nanoencapsulation technologies for the food and nutraceutical industries, ed. by S.M. Jafari (Academic Press, 2017), p. 36

  17. D.J. McClements, Y. Li, Adv. Coll. Interface. Sci. 159, 213 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Mohammadi, E. Assadpour, S.M. Jafari, in Lipid-Based Nanostructures for Food Encapsulation Purposes ed. by S.M. Jafari (Academic Press, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran, 2019), p. 217

  19. A.A. Attama, M.A. Momoh, P.F. Builders, in Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems (InTech: Rijeka, Croatia 2012), p. 107

  20. F. Tamjidi, M. Shahedi, J. Varshosaz, A. Nasirpour, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 19, 29 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Yi, F. Zhong, Y. Zhang, W. Yokoyama, L. Zhao, J. Agric. Food Chem. 63, 10831 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Liu, D. Wang, C. Sun, D.J. McClements, Y. Gao, Food Chem. 205, 129 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. S.-M. Pyo, R.H. Müller, C.M. Keck in Nanoencapsulation technologies for the food and nutraceutical industries, ed. by S. M. Jafari (Academic Press, 2017), p. 114

  24. D.R.B. Oliveira, M. Michelon, G. de Figueiredo Furtado, R. Sinigaglia-Coimbra, R.L. Cunha, Food Res. Int. 90, 139 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. F.D. Gunstone, in Vegetable Oils in Food Technology, 6th edn. (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. M.A. Cerqueira, A.C. Pinheiro, H.D. Silva, P.E. Ramos, M.A. Azevedo, M.L. Flores-López, M.C. Rivera, A.I. Bourbon, Ó.L. Ramos, A.A. Vicente, Food Eng. Rev. 6, 1 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. X. Zhou, H. Wang, C. Wang, C. Zhao, Q. Peng, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, Food Sci. Nutr. 6, 2537 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. V. da S. Santos, B.B. Braz, A.Á. Silva, L.P. Cardoso, A.P.B. Ribeiro, M.H.A. Santana, Food Chem. 298, 125053 (2019)

  29. A.P.B. Ribeiro, R.C. Basso, T.G. Kieckbusch, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 115, 301 (2013)

  30. G.M. de Oliveira, A.P.B. Ribeiro, T.G. Kieckbusch, LWT Food Sci. Technol. 63, 1155 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Valenzuela, B. Delplanque, M. Tavella, Grasas Aceites 62, 131 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. de S. Queirós, R.L.S. Viriato, A.P.B. Ribeiro, M.L. Gigante, Int. Dairy J. 130, 105186 (2021)

  33. F.L. Ludtke, M.A. Stahl, R. Grimaldi, M.B.S. Forte, M.L. Gigante, A.P.B. Ribeiro, Food Res. Int. 160, 111746 (2022)

  34. C. Qian, E.A. Decker, H. Xiao, D.J. McClements, Food Res. Int. 52, 342 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D.D. Kumbhar, V.B. Pokharkar, Colloids Surf., A 416, 32 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Yang, A. Corona, B. Schubert, R. Reeder, M.A. Henson, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 418, 261 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. E.S. Averina, R.H. Müller, D.V. Popov, L.D. Radnaeva, Pharmazie 66, 348 (2011)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. P. Severino, M.H.A. Santana, E.B. Souto, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 32, 1375 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. N.M.A. Das, I. Kobayashi, M. Nakajima, J. Food Drug Anal. 20, 184 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  40. J.L. Wang, X.Y. Dong, F. Wei, J. Zhong, B. Liu, M.H. Yao, M. Yang, C. Zheng, S.Y. Quek, H. Chen, J. Food Sci. 79, 169 (2014)

  41. R. Campos, in Fat Crystal Networks, edited by A. Marangoni (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005), p. 266

  42. H. Schenk, R. Peschar, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71, 829 (2004)

  43. A. Babazadeh, B. Ghanbarzadeh, H. Hamishehkar, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 39, 50 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. C. Li and X. Li, Med. Chem. 06, 345 (2016)

  45. H.M. Nguyen, I.C. Hwang, J.W. Park, H.J. Park, J. Microencapsul. 29, 596 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. H. Buron, O. Mengual, G. Meunier, I. Cayré, P. Snabre, Polym. Int. 53, 1205 (2004)

  47. O. Mengual, G. Meunier, I. Cayre, K. Puech, P. Snabre, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 152, 111 (1999)

  48. C. Celia, E. Trapasso, D. Cosco, D. Paolino, M. Fresta, Colloids Surf. B 72, 155 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Marangoni, D. Rousseau, in Physical Properties of Lipids ed. by A. Marangoni, S.S. Narine ( New York, CRC Press, 2002), p. 480

  50. D.J. McClements, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 10, 1621 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. P. Ghasemiyeh, S. Mohammadi-Samani, Res. Pharm. Sci. 13, 288 (2018)

  52. S.M. Jafari, E. Assadpoor, Y. He, B. Bhandari, Drying Technol. 26, 816 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. L.L. Lee, N. Niknafs, R.D. Hancocks, I.T. Norton, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 31, 72 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. F. Donsì, M. Annunziata, M. Vincensi, G. Ferrari, J. Biotechnol. 159, 342 (2012)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. R. Charoen, A. Jangchud, K. Jangchud, T. Harnsilawat, O. Naivikul, D.J. McClements, J. Food Sci. 76, 165 (2011)

  56. C. Chang, S. Tu, S. Ghosh, M.T. Nickerson, Food Res. Int. 77, 360 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. F.L. Ludtke, M.A. Stahl, R. Grimaldi, L.P. Cardoso, M.L. Gigante, A.P.B. Ribeiro, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp 654, 130039 (2022)

  58. F. Tamjidi, M. Shahedi, J. Varshosaz, A. Nasirpour, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 26, 366 (2014)

  59. S. Okonogi, P. Riangjanapatee, Int. J. Pharm. 478, 726 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. A.A. Zardini, M. Mohebbi, R. Farhoosh, S. Bolurian, J. Food Sci. Technol. 55, 287 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. P. Lakshmi, G.A. Kumar, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4, 35 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  62. S.R. Schaffazick, S.S. Guterres, L. de L. Freitas, A.R. Pohlmann, Química Nova 26, 1 (2003)

  63. D.J. McClements, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 47, 611 (2007)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Y. Soleimanian, S.A.H. Goli, J. Varshosaz, F. Maestrelli, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 121, 386 (2019)

  65. Z.R. Huang, S.C. Hua, Y.L. Yang, J.Y. Fang, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 29, 1094 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Fathi, J. Varshosaz, M. Mohebbi, F. Shahidi, Food Bioproc Technol 6, 1464 (2013)

  67. M. S. Miskandar, Y.B. Che man, R. Abdul rahman, I. Nor aini, M.S.A. Yusoff, J. Food Lipids 13, 1 (2006)

  68. D.J. McClements, Food emulsions: principles, practices and techniques, 3rd ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2015), pp. 1-714

  69. G.D. Fernandes, R.M. Alberici, G.G. Pereira, E.C. Cabral, M.N. Eberlin, D. Barrera-Arellano, Food Chem. 135, 1855 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. C. Qian, E.A. Decker, H. Xiao, D.J. McClements, Food Chem. 135, 1440 (2012)

  71. R. Shukat, C. Bourgaux, P. Relkin, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 108, 153 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. A. Ashkar, A. Sosnik, M. Davidovich-Pinhas, Biotechnol. Adv. (2021)

  73. F.L. Ludtke, M.A. Stahl, R. Grimaldi, L.P. Cardoso, A.P.B. Ribeiro, Submitted to Food Bioscience (2023)

  74. S.U. Rawal, M.M. Patel, in Lipid Nanocarriers for Drug Targeting ed. by A.M. Grumezescu (Elsevier, Bucharest, Romenia, 2018), p. 49

  75. K. Sato, Chem. Eng. Sci. 56, 2255 (2001)

  76. J. McClements, D.J. McClements, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 56, 1334 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. N. J. Maiti, M. Dey, B. Barik, A. Malana, A. Dinda, A. Patel, Biopharm J. 87 (2016)

  78. Y. Pan, R. v Tikekar, N. Nitin, Int J Pharm. 511, 322 (2016)

  79. M. Rohmah, S. Raharjo, C. Hidayat, R. Martien, J. Am. Oil Chemists’ Soc. 97, 213 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Fernanda Luisa Lüdtke thanks FAPESP (grants # 18/03172–0, # 19/05176–6, #16/11261–8 and 19/27354–3, São Paulo Research Foundation -FAPESP). Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro thanks the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq) for the productivity grant (303429/2018–6). Lisandro Pavie Cardoso thanks the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq) for financial support (grant #302626/2016–6). Currently, Lisandro Pavie Cardoso, is a retired professor at UNICAMP.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil

    Fernanda Luisa Lüdtke, Renato Grimaldi, Mirna Lúcia Gigante & Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro

  2. Department of Applied Physics, Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil

    Lisandro Pavie Cardoso

  3. CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    António Augusto Vicente

  4. LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

    António Augusto Vicente

Authors
  1. Fernanda Luisa Lüdtke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Renato Grimaldi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lisandro Pavie Cardoso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mirna Lúcia Gigante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. António Augusto Vicente
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Fernanda Luisa Lüdtke: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing—original draft. Renato Grimaldi: Methodology, Writing—review & editing. Lisandro Pavie Cardoso: Methodology, Writing—review & editing. Mirna Lúcia Gigante: Resources. António Augusto Vicente: Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro: Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Resources, Project administration.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernanda Luisa Lüdtke.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors confirm that they have no conflicts of interest with respect to the work described in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lüdtke, F.L., Grimaldi, R., Cardoso, L.P. et al. Development and Characterization of Fully Hydrogenated Soybean Oil and High Oleic Sunflower Oil β-carotene Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Food Biophysics 18, 338–352 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-023-09777-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-023-09777-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation