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Concurrent Gaming Disorder/Internet Gaming Disorder and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Dependency in Emerging Adults

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Abstract

A growing proportion of young adults report regularly playing video games and using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Although video gaming is often normative and adaptive, excessive gaming is associated with adverse health outcomes and dependency, as seen in gaming disorder/internet gaming disorder (GD/IGD). Possible additive detrimental effects of ENDS use on the physical outcomes of GD/IGD lend particular concern to these concurrent behaviors. The present study explored group differences in concurrent ENDS and GD/IGD dependency by demographic factors, including age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, racial identity, relationship status, and year in school. The interaction effect of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the association between ENDS dependency and GD/IGD was also examined. Lastly, group differences in ADHD symptoms for individuals who endorse (1) neither GD/IGD nor ENDS dependency, (2) either GD/IGD or ENDS dependency, or (3) both GD/IGD and ENDS dependency were explored. Data were collected in a large, multi-university sample of college students (N = 1,054). Higher symptoms of GD/IGD were positively associated with greater symptoms of ENDS dependency. Men and individuals with significant symptoms of ADHD were at an increased risk of concurrent GD/IGD and ENDS dependency. These results may be used to identify demographic and psychological associations linked to these comorbidities, ultimately informing future prevention strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall, P. O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA

    Hannah G. Mitchell, Rachelle Kromash & Meredith K. Ginley

  2. Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, USA

    Laura J. Holt

Authors
  1. Hannah G. Mitchell
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  2. Rachelle Kromash
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  3. Laura J. Holt
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  4. Meredith K. Ginley
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Contributions

Hannah G. Mitchell: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, and roles/writing—original draft. Rachelle Kromash: data curation and formal analysis. Laura J. Holt: conceptualization and writing—review and editing. Meredith K. Ginley: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, and writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Meredith K. Ginley.

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All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. The Institutional Review Board for St. Louis University, East Tennessee State University, Trinity College, James Madison University, Rowan University, Sam Houston State University, and Missouri University of Science and Technology approved this study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before being included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Mitchell, H.G., Kromash, R., Holt, L.J. et al. Concurrent Gaming Disorder/Internet Gaming Disorder and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Dependency in Emerging Adults. Int J Ment Health Addiction 21, 1082–1091 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00643-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00643-7

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