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Tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea: A review of recent progress and research gaps

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Abstract

The South China Sea region is potentially threatened by tsunami hazards originated from multiple sources: the Manila subduction zone in the east, the Littoral Fault Zone (LFZ) in the north, numerous submarine landslides on the continental slopes and the volcanic islands in the Luzon Strait. Infrequent but potentially devastating tsunami hazard poses a great threat to the populous coastal region, fishery, oil and gas exploitation in the deep sea, etc. Here we review the recent progress in tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea region, focusing on two primary sources: submarine earthquakes and landslides. We sort and review the literature by the two commonly used approaches: deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for both source types. By simulating tsunamis generated by typical earthquakes originated from the Manila Trench, the LFZ and landslides in the continental slopes, we investigate their tsunamigenic mechanism and key tsunami characteristics in the South China Sea region. We point out the research gaps and highlight the key issues to be addressed in the future.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative R&D Team of Geological Processes and Natural Disasters around the South China Sea (Grant No. 2016ZT06N331), the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Grant No. 311021002), the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province (Grant No. ZDYF2020209), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41976197, 42076059, 41774049, 41772209) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University (Grant No. 2021qntd23).

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  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Linlin Li, Zhigang Li & Peizhen Zhang

  2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Linlin Li, Zhigang Li & Peizhen Zhang

  3. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    Qiang Qiu

  4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Qiang Qiu

  5. China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Qiang Qiu

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Li, L., Qiu, Q., Li, Z. et al. Tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea: A review of recent progress and research gaps. Sci. China Earth Sci. 65, 783–809 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9893-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9893-8

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