Abstract
Purpose
Biochar amendments rebuild the linkage between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in the soil. The availability and transformation of N fertilizer are altered in the plant-soil system after biochar application. In this study, we investigated the effect of biochar addition on the transformation of N fertilizer into soil organic N (SON) fractions and cotton plant.
Materials and methods
A long-term field experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2019 to study the annual dynamic of soil total nitrogen (TN), cotton apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR), and yield after biochar application. Four treatments were set up as follows: (1) no N fertilizer and C amendment (CK), (2) N fertilizer (NF), (3) N fertilizer plus cotton straw (NF + CS), and (4) N fertilizer plus cotton straw biochar (NF + CB). A 15 N tracing micro-plot experiment was conducted based on the field experiment in 2019 to explore the long-term effect of biochar addition on the transformation of N fertilizer into SON fractions.
Results and discussion
NF + CS and NF + CB increased soil TN, cotton ANR, and yield from 2015 to 2019, and the NF + CB outperformed NF + CS from 2017 to 2019. Compared with NF and NF + CS, NF + CB significantly enhanced soil ammonia nitrogen (AN), amino sugar nitrogen (ASN), hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen (HUN), and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen (NHN) in 2019. 15 N micro-plot experiment indicated that NF + CB significantly increased cotton plant 15 N recovery (36.2% and 16.8%) and soil T15N recovery (41.7% and 10.2%) relative to NF and NF + CS, respectively. NF + CB improved the proportion of cotton N uptake derived from N fertilizer. Compared with NF, NF + CS increased 15 N recovery of labile SON fractions (amino acid nitrogen (AAN), AN, ASN) and the ratios of AA15N/T15N and AS15N/T15N, but decreased the ratio of NH15N/T15N.On the other hand, NF + CB enhanced 15 N recovery of labile SON fractions and stable fraction (NHN) and promoted the transformation of more 15 N fertilizer into AAN, AN, ASN, and NHN.
Conclusions
Continuous application of N fertilizer with biochar increased nitrogen use efficiency and yield of cotton, promoted transformation of N fertilizer into soil organic N pool, and improved retention and stability of N fertilizer in drip-irrigated cotton field.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62260806) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200100).
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Lijuan Ma: methodology, experiments, original paper writing; Qiyu Huo: experiments, data analysis; Qingyang Tian: experiments; Yuexuan Xu data analysis, editing; Haibo Hao: formal analysis and investigation; Wei Min: writing review and editing; Zhenan Hou: conceptualization, supervision.
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Ma, L., Huo, Q., Tian, Q. et al. Continuous application of biochar increases 15N fertilizer translocation into soil organic nitrogen and crop uptake in drip-irrigated cotton field. J Soils Sediments 23, 1204–1216 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03416-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03416-4