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Effects of acute exposure to Al2O3-NPs (α and γ) and white noise and their combination on cochlea structure and function in Wistar rats

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Abstract

Hearing loss induced by noise and combinations of factors is a common occupational disease among workers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of acute exposure to white noise and Al2O3 NPs, alone and in combination, on changes in the hearing and structural functions of the cochlea in rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: Control, acute exposure to white noise, exposure to γ-Al2O3 NPs, exposure to noise plus γ-Al2O3 NPs, exposure to α-Al2O3 NPs, and exposure to the combination of noise plus α-Al2O3 NPs. TTS and PTS were examined using DPOAE, while oxidative index (MDA, GSH-Px), gene expression (NOX3, TGF-ß, CYP1A1), protein expression (ß-Tubulin, Myosin VII), and histopathological changes were examined in the cochlea. The morphology of Al2O3 NPs was examined by TEM. The results of the DPOAE test showed a significant increase in TTS in all groups and an increase in PTS in the groups exposed to noise, γ-Al2O3 NPs, and a combination of noise plus Al2O3 NPs (P < 0.05). In the group exposed to white noise plus Al2O3 NPs, the MDA levels increased, the level of GSH-Px decreased, and the expression percentage of ß-Tubulin and Myosin VII decreased, while the expression of NOX3, TGF-ß, and CYP1A1 (except for the α-Al2O3 NPs group) significantly increased (P < 0.05). Histopathological changes of the cochlea indicated damage to hair and ganglion cells, which was more severe in the combined exposure group. The combined and independent exposure to white noise and Al2O3 NPs damaged hair and ganglion cells for high-frequency perception, affecting the function and structure of the cochlea and leading to TTS and PTS.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Al2O3-NPs:

Oxide Aluminum nanoparticles

DPOAE:

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions

PTS:

Permanent threshold shift

TTS:

Temporary threshold shift

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

NADPH Oxidase NOX3:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases 3

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor β1

CYP1A1:

Cytochrome P450 1A1

γ:

Gamma

α:

Alpha

SPL:

Sound pressure level

DAPI:

Blue-fluorescent 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

SGNs:

Spiral ganglion cells

HCs:

Hair cells

IHCs:

Inner hair cells

OHCs:

Outer hair cells

SGCs:

Spiral ganglion cells

NFs:

Nerve fibers

TM:

Tectorial membrane

NIHL:

Noise-induced hearing loss

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

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Funding

This research was part of a Ph.D. thesis supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (research grant number: 52889).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri & Esmaeil Karami

  2. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Goodarzi & Ali Khavanin

  3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari

  4. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrafarin Kiani

  5. Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Ali Rashidy-Pour

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  1. Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
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Contributions

EK was responsible for doing this project (related to his Ph.D. thesis); MK was responsible for histopathological analyses; ZG and MGK interpreted the data and cooperated in the revision of the manuscript; ARP and AK cooperated in the revision of the manuscript; SJS, designed the study and wrote and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Esmaeil Karami.

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The research reported in this manuscript has been a registered project and received required permission for carrying out the project (related to Ph.D. thesis) from Institutional Ethical Review Board of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for this study. IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1399.214.

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Shahtaheri, S.J., Goodarzi, Z., Karami, E. et al. Effects of acute exposure to Al2O3-NPs (α and γ) and white noise and their combination on cochlea structure and function in Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 89859–89876 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28745-w

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