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Interactive effects of water management and liming on CH4 emissions and rice cadmium uptake in an acid paddy soil

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Abstract

Rice agriculture is both an important source of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) and a bioaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), which is hazardous to human health. Avoiding flooding during rice production is effective for reducing CH4 emissions, but it increases rice Cd uptake. Although lime application decreases Cd concentration in rice grains, it is not clear whether combining appropriate water management with liming can simultaneously reduce CH4 emissions and Cd uptake in rice paddies. Thus, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of water management (F: continuous flooding, FDF: flooding – midseason drainage – flooding, FDI: flooding – midseason drainage – intermittent irrigation) and lime application on CH4 emissions and rice Cd uptake in an acid paddy soil spiked with Cd. Results showed that neither water management nor liming significantly affected grain yield. Overall, liming reduced CH4 emissions by 42.2%. Compared to F, the FDF and FDI treatments reduced CH4 emissions by 43.5% and 54.2%, respectively. Liming reduced CH4 emissions by 32.6% under F, but with a greater decrease of 48.6% and 52.7% under FDF and FDI, respectively. Overall, liming reduced rice Cd uptake by an average of 47.3%. Compared to FDI, F and FDF significantly reduced Cd uptake by 84.0% and 75.1%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between F and FDF. Liming did not significantly affect Cd uptake under F and FDF, whereas liming reduced Cd uptake by 55.9% under FDI. These results suggest that maintaining flooding following midseason drainage can help in reducing rice Cd uptake, though slightly promoting CH4 emissions. Therefore, we recommend FDF combined with liming to mitigate CH4 emissions without increasing rice Cd uptake in acid paddy soils.

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All data and materials used during this study are included in the submitted manuscript and the supplementary files.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Stephen M. Bell from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona for improving the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260547, 31701383), the Jiangxi Agriculture Research System (JXARS-02–03), and the Science and Technology Innovation Project for Young Talents (Gan ke Ji zi [2018] No. 175).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Yong Wang, Yanni Sun, Le Chen, Yanhua Zeng, Yongjun Zeng, Feiyu Tang, Junhuo Cai & Shan Huang

  2. Soil and Fertilization Technology Extension Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330046, China

    Hua Shao

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  1. Yong Wang
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  2. Yanni Sun
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  3. Le Chen
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  4. Hua Shao
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  6. Yongjun Zeng
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Contributions

Yong Wang, Yanni Sun, Le Chen, Feiyu Tang, and Shan Huang designed research; Yong Wang, Hua Shao, Junhuo Cai, Yanhua Zeng, and Yongjun Zeng performed research; Yong Wang, Junhuo Cai, and Shan Huang analyzed data; Yong Wang and Shan Huang wrote the manuscript. All authors revised and reviewed the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to Shan Huang.

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Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Chen, L. et al. Interactive effects of water management and liming on CH4 emissions and rice cadmium uptake in an acid paddy soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 13551–13559 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23162-x

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