Abstract
This paper aimed to explore the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and hospitalization rate of esophageal cancer in Fujian province, and tried to find out the accurate lag effect between PM2.5 and hospitalization rate in 70 counties from the linear and nonlinear aspects. We extracted inpatients data of esophageal cancer from the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) database and air pollutant PM2.5 grid data published by the atmospheric composition analysis group. The study showed that the hospitalization rate of esophageal cancer presented spatial aggregation in 70 counties of Fujian province. Southeast urban agglomerations had high hospitalization rates, while central and western regions had low hospitalization rates. The study found that the spatial distribution of the hospitalization rate of esophageal cancer in 2016 was not consistent with that of the PM2.5 concentration in the same year. The concentration of PM2.5 in 2003 and 2004 had the strongest correlation with the hospitalization rate of esophageal cancer in 2016, with Pearson correlation coefficient r value of − 0.365 and Geodetector q-statistic value of 0.148 (p < 0.05). Our findings showed that there existed a 13-year lag period of air pollutant PM2.5 on the esophageal cancer hospitalization rate, which can provide helpful guidance in the early screening strategy of esophageal cancer in Fujian. The research progress of this paper will help to understand the lag period of the impact of air pollutants on the hospitalization rate of esophageal cancer, provide valuable information for the prevention and treatment strategy of esophageal cancer in Fujian province, and provide relevant experience for alike regions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the NRCMS database but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Part of the population dataset analyzed in this study can be found at http://tjj.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/ndsj/. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the Fujian Medical Security Bureau. The air pollutant PM2.5 grid data is available at http://fizz.phys.dal.ca/~atmos/martin/?page_id=140.
References
Akter R, Rahman M, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Uivarosan D, Nechifor AC, Behl T, Karthika C, Stoicescu M, Munteanu MA (2021) Chemo-preventive action of resveratrol: suppression of p53—a molecular targeting approach. Molecules 26:5325. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175325
An-min H, Jing-wen J (2014) Spatial disparity analysis of county agricultural medicine economics in Fujian Province. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 8:205–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2014.11917635
Anselin L (1995) Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geogr Anal 27:93–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
Anselin L (2019) A local indicator of multivariate spatial association: extending Geary’s c. Geogr Anal 51:133–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12164
Bai L, Shin S, Burnett RT, Kwong JC, Hystad P, van Donkelaar A, Goldberg MS, Lavigne E, Copes R, Martin RV (2019) Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a population-based study of 5.1 million Canadian adults living in Ontario. Environ Int 132:105004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105004
Cui C, Wang B, Ren H, Wang Z (2019) Spatiotemporal variations in gastric cancer mortality and their relations to influencing factors in S County, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050784
Fu WJ, Jiang PK, Zhou GM, Zhao KL (2014) Using Moran’s I and GIS to study the spatial pattern of forest litter carbon density in a subtropical region of southeastern China. Biogeosciences 11:2401–2409. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2401-2014,2014
Fu J, Jiang D, Lin G, Liu K, Wang Q (2015) An ecological analysis of PM25 concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China. BMJ open 5:e009452. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009452
Gao X, Wang Z, Kong C, Yang F, Wang Y, Tan X (2017) Trends of esophageal cancer mortality in rural China from 1989 to 2013: an age-period-cohort analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:218. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030218
Godwill EA, Jane IC, Scholastica IU, Marcellus U, Eugene AL, Gloria OA (2015) Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2:384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.014
Herszenyi L, Tulassay Z (2010) Epidemiology of gastrointestinal and liver tumors. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14:249–258
Ku M-S, Liu C-Y, Hsu C-Y, Chiu H-M, Chen H-H, Chan C-C (2021) Association of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with elevated fecal hemoglobin concentration and colorectal carcinogenesis: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Cancer Control 28:10732748211041232. https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748211041232
Li D, ZhiWang XS (2013) Research on evolutionary process and driving forces of spatially economic disparity within counties based on technology of ESDA-GIS. Econ Geogr 33:31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15986-w
Li Y, Xiong W, Wang X (2019) Does polycentric and compact development alleviate urban traffic congestion? A case study of 98 Chinese cities. Cities 88:100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.017
Li Y, Zhu K, Wang S (2020) Polycentric and dispersed population distribution increases PM2.5 concentrations: evidence from 286 Chinese cities, 2001–2016. J Clean Prod 248:119202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119202
Li P, Guo X, Jing J, Hu W, Wei W-Q, Qi X, Zhuang G (2021a) The lag effect of exposure to PM2.5 on esophageal cancer in urban-rural areas across China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15942-8
Li P, Jing J, Guo W, Guo X, Hu W, Qi X, Wei W-Q, Zhuang G (2021b) The associations of air pollution and socioeconomic factors with esophageal cancer in China based on a spatiotemporal analysis. Environ Res 196:110415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110415
Nawi AM, Chin SF, Mazlan L, Jamal R (2020) Delineating colorectal cancer distribution, interaction, and risk prediction by environmental risk factors and serum trace elements. Sci Rep 10:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75760-9
Nuytens F, Dabakuyo-Yonli T, Meunier B (2021) Fédération de Recherche en Chirurgie (FRENCH) and French Eso-Gastric Tumors (FREGAT) Working Groups. Five-year survival outcomes of hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy in esophageal cancer: results of the MIRO randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg 156:323–332. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.7081
Organization WH (2006) Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. World Health Organization
Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD (2013) Oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet 381:400–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6
Rivillas JC, Colonia FD (2017) Reducing causes of inequity: policies focused on social determinants of health during generational transitions in Colombia. Glob Health Action 10:1349238. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1349238
Sun B, He Z, Zhang T, Wang R (2016) Urban spatial structure and commute duration: an empirical study of China. Int J Sustain Transp 10:638–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2015.1042175
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
Tang X, Xie X, Rao Z, Zheng Z, Hu C, Li S, Hu Z (2021) Spatial analysis and comparison of the economic burden of common diseases: an investigation of 5.7 million rural elderly inpatients in southeast China, 2010–2016. Front Public Health 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.774342
Wang JF, Li XH, Christakos G, Liao YL, Zhang T, Gu X, Zheng XY (2010) Geographical detectors-based health risk assessment and its application in the neural tube defects study of the Heshun Region, China. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 24:107–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810802443457
Wang J-F, Stein A, Gao B-B, Ge Y (2012) A review of spatial sampling. Spat Stat 2:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2012.08.001
Wang Y, Li M, Wan X, Sun Y, Cheng K, Zhao X, Zheng Y, Yang G, Wang L (2018) Spatiotemporal analysis of PM2.5 and pancreatic cancer mortality in China. Environ Res 164:132–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.026
Wang Y, Duan X, Wang L (2019) Spatial-temporal evolution of PM2.5 concentration and its socioeconomic influence factors in Chinese cities in 2014–2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060985
Wang N, Mengersen K, Tong S, Kimlin M, Zhou M, Liu Y, Hu W (2020) County-level variation in the long-term association between PM25 and lung cancer mortality in China. Sci Total Environ 738:140195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140195
Wu D, Chen X, Xu Y, Wang H, Yu G, Jiang L, Hong Q, Duan S (2017) Prognostic value of MLH1 promoter methylation in male patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 13:2745–2750. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.5759
Xie Z, Qin Y, Li Y, Shen W, Zheng Z, Liu S (2020) Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors. Sci Total Environ 744:140929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929
Xu L, Yu Y, Yu J, Chen J, Niu Z, Yin L, Zhang F, Liao X, Chen Y (2013) Spatial distribution and sources identification of elements in PM2.5 among the coastal city group in the Western Taiwan Strait region, China. Sci Total Environ 442:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.045
Xu T, Du XW, Hu JB, Zhu YF, Wu HL, Dai GP, Shu YM, Ouyang J (2018) Anticancer effect of miR-96 inhibitor in bladder cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 15:3814–3819. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.7745
Xu C, Xing D, Wang J, Xiao G (2019) The lag effect of water pollution on the mortality rate for esophageal cancer in a rapidly industrialized region in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:32852–32858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06408-z
Xu B, Wang J, Li Z, Xu C, Liao Y, Hu M, Yang J, Lai S, Wang L, Yang W (2021) Seasonal association between viral causes of hospitalised acute lower respiratory infections and meteorological factors in China: a retrospective study. Lancet Planetary Health 5:e154–e163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30297-7
Yip WC-M, Hsiao WC, Chen W, Hu S, Ma J, Maynard A (2012) Early appraisal of China’s huge and complex health care reforms. Health care policy in East Asia: a world scientific reference: volume 1: health care system reform and policy research in China: 51–83. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813236134_0004
Yu P, Xu R, Coelho MS, Saldiva PH, Li S, Zhao Q, Mahal A, Sim M, Abramson MJ, Guo Y (2021) The impacts of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on cancer hospitalizations in Brazil. Environ Int 154:106671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106671
Zhang W, Zhou Y, Li C, Xu S, Li M, Liu W, Ma Y, Wang H (2020) The expression and prognostic value of FGF2, FGFR3, and FGFBP1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2872479
Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2021J01133061) and the central government-led local science and technology development special project (No. 2020L3009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PXE and HZJ conceived and led the study. Data collection was collected by RZX. RZX and ZZQ conducted the main analyses. XXX and TXW contributed to refining the ideas and carrying out additional analyses. The first draft of the paper was written by RZX. XXX, TXW, PHW, ZZQ, PXE, and HZJ reviewed the manuscript and provided critical inputs. All authors discussed the results and revised the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rao, Z., Xie, X., Tang, X. et al. The spatiotemporal correlation of PM2.5 concentration on esophageal cancer hospitalization rate in Fujian province of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 67325–67335 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20587-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20587-2