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Fabrication of glutathione functionalized self-assembled magnetite nanochains for effective removal of crystal violet and phenol red dye from aqueous matrix

  • Recent Trends in Tertiary Treatment of Water/Wastewater
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Abstract

A novel fabrication of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanochains, surface functionalized with glutathione (GSH), has been attempted through a basic wet reduction method, coalesced with oxidative etching for the removal of crystal violet (CV) and phenol red (PR) from an aqueous solution. The structural and functional characterizations of GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs were performed using SEM-EDX, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. The nanochain-structured adsorbent was found to have an average size of 24 ± 1.29 nm and a zeta potential value of − 6.44 mV. The batch experiments showed that GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs have a brilliant removal efficiency of 97% and 79% for CV and PR dyes, respectively, within a period of 60 min. The influence of different operational parameters like adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial dye concentration on the removal behaviour of the adsorbent was studied in detail. The adsorbate-adsorbent reaction was tested over isotherm models, and the reaction fitted well for Langmuir isotherm with an excellent qmax value of 1619.5 mg/g and 1316.16 mg/g for CV and PR dye, respectively. The experimental results were also validated using different reaction kinetics, and it was found that the pseudo-first-order model fits well for PR dye adsorption (R2 = 0.91), while adsorption of CV dye was in best agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs can be reused effectively up to 5 cycles of dye removal. Major mechanisms involved in the adsorption reaction were expected to be electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-interactions. The efficiency of GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs in real water samples suggested that it has a high potential for dye removal from complex aqueous systems and could be used as an effective alternative for remediation of dyes contaminated water.

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Acknowledgements

We are immensely thankful to the Material Research Centre (MRC), MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan, for providing instrument facilities, inevitably required for the completion of this paper. The authors are deeply indebted to the Head, Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Rajasthan, for providing all necessary facilities for this work. Financial support from the University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, in the form of Senior Research Fellowship (provided to MB) is duly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India

    Monalisha Behera, Nisha Kumari & Ritu Singh

  2. Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, Ajmer-305817, India

    Kaisar Raza

Authors
  1. Monalisha Behera
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  2. Nisha Kumari
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  3. Kaisar Raza
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  4. Ritu Singh
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Contributions

MB: Experiment planning and designing, data analysis, result interpretation, writing. NK: Sample preparation, characterization, spectral analysis, result interpretation. KR: Sample characterization and result interpretation. RS: Conceptualization, data analysis, and interpretation, editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Ritu Singh.

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Behera, M., Kumari, N., Raza, K. et al. Fabrication of glutathione functionalized self-assembled magnetite nanochains for effective removal of crystal violet and phenol red dye from aqueous matrix. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 72260–72278 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19520-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19520-4

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