Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics and their disposal without processing are leading the environment and its inhabitants towards a serious health emergency. There is abundance of diverse antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in environment, which demands immediate attention for the effective removal of antibiotics. There are physical and chemical methods for removal, but the generation of toxic byproducts has directed the efforts towards bioremediation for eco-friendly and sustainable elimination of antibiotics from the environment. Various effective and reliable bioremediation approaches have been used, but still antibiotic residues pose a major global threat. Recent developments in molecular and synthetic biology might offer better solution for engineering of microbe–metabolite biodevices and development of novel strains endowed with desirable properties. This review summarizes the impact of antibiotics on environment, mechanisms of resistance development, and different bioremediation approaches.
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Mansi Apreja: literature search, writing of the original draft, investigation, and editing
Aarjoo Sharma: literature search, writing of the original draft, investigation, and editing
Sanjeev Balda: review and editing
Kirti Kataria: review and editing
Neena Capalash: formal analysis and revision
Prince Sharma: idea, conceptualization, revision, editing, and supervision
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Apreja, M., Sharma, A., Balda, S. et al. Antibiotic residues in environment: antimicrobial resistance development, ecological risks, and bioremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 3355–3371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17374-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17374-w