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Nuclear respiratory factor 1 promotes the progression of EBV-associated gastric cancer and maintains EBV latent infection

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and the biological function of NRF1 in EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assess the effect of latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) on NRF1 expression after transfection with LMP2A plasmid or siLMP2A. The effects of NRF1 on the migration and apoptosis ability of GC cells were investigated by transwell assay and flow cytometry apoptosis analysis in vitro, respectively. In addition, we determined the regulatory role of NRF1 in EBV latent infection by western blot and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). LMP2A upregulated NRF1 expression by activating the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, NRF1 upregulated the expression of N-Cadherin and ZEB1 to promote cell migration. NRF1 promoted the expression of Bcl-2 to increase the anti-apoptotic ability of cells. In addition, NRF1 maintained latent infection of EBV by promoting the expression of the latent protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and inhibiting the expression of the lytic proteins. Our data indicated the role of NRF1 in EBVaGC progression and the maintenance of EBV latent infection. This provided a new theoretical basis for further NRF1-based anti-cancer therapy.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank everyone who helped us with our experiment.

Funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2020MH302; ZR2020MC020].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yue Liang, Wen Liu, Menghe Zhao, Duo Shi, Yan Zhang & Bing Luo

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, ZiBo, 255036, China

    Yan Zhang

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  1. Yue Liang
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  2. Wen Liu
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  3. Menghe Zhao
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Contributions

YL, YZ, BL, WL, MZ, DS: designed research. YL, YZ: analyzed data. YL: performed research. YL, YZ: wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to Yan Zhang or Bing Luo.

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Liang, Y., Liu, W., Zhao, M. et al. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 promotes the progression of EBV-associated gastric cancer and maintains EBV latent infection. Virus Genes 59, 204–214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-023-01970-8

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