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Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants

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Abstract

Background

Mg is a macronutrient for plant growth. Mg deficiency has become an important limiting factor in intensive agricultural production, resulting in reduced crop yield and quality. Given that Mg is also essential for human and animals’ diets, Mg nutrition in plants has become an important issue not only for food security but also for human health.

Scope

We review recent progress in physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Mg biological functionality, as well as Mg transport and Mg deficiency symptoms in plants.

Conclusions

As both a structural component and a regulatory factor, Mg helps plants achieve higher photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and stress resistance. Plants need a certain range of Mg concentration for their growth, and a number of key genes responsible for Mg uptake, translocation and detoxification have been identified. Despite its functional importance, basic researches on Mg nutrition are still scarce. A deeper investigation of the genetic and molecular mechanisms employed in Mg nutrition will help to improve crop yield and intensify Mg application in the field. Developing more approaches to enhance Mg concentration in crop edible parts is urgently required for human diet and health.

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Fig. 1

source for nodule growth and N fixation, and subsequently improves N utilization. Abiotic stress alleviator: Mg in plants is able to mitigate abiotic stresses (Al toxicity, salt stress, heat stress etc.) through antagonistic competition for cation binding sites in both apoplast and symplast, enhancing anti-oxidant systems, and modulating protein activity and gene expression. Plant-microbe coordinator: 1, Elevated Mg level in plant cytoplasm activates the defense-related hormone signaling pathways and ROS production, inhibiting the propagation of pathogens. 2, The invasion of pathogens increases the apoplastic Mg content of plant cells, which in turn promotes the pathogen survival and pathogenicity

Fig. 2

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Chun-Jian Li for careful review of the manuscript. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions. The study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32022077, 31872171 and 31501832). The authors declare no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Xin-Yue Tian, Shuang Bai & Zhi-Chang Chen

  2. International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Dong-Dong He, Zheng Wang & Liang-Quan Wu

  3. Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian University Key, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Wen-Zhi Zeng & Mo Wang

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  1. Xin-Yue Tian
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Tian, XY., He, DD., Bai, S. et al. Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants. Plant Soil 468, 1–17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05139-w

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