Abstract
Aims
Alpine ecosystems are important terrestrial carbon (C) pools, and microbial decomposers play a key role in cycling soil C. Microbial metabolic limitations in these ecosystems, however, have rarely been studied. The objectives of this study are to reveal the characteristics of microbial nutrient limitation, and decipher the drivers in the alpine ecosystems.
Methods
Models of extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry were applied to examine and compare the metabolic limitations of the microbial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils along an altitudinal gradient (2800–3500 m a.s.l.) under the same type of vegetation (Abies fabri) on Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Results
The soil microbial communities suffered from relative C and phosphorus (P) limitations in the alpine ecosystem despite of high soil nutrient contents here. Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) revealed that the limitations were directly regulated by soil nutrient stoichiometry, followed by nutrient availability. The C and P limitations were higher at the high altitudes (3000–3500 m) than that at the low altitude (2800 m), which mainly attribute to changes of soil temperature and moisture along the altitudinal gradient. This suggested that global warming may relieve microbial metabolic limitation in the alpine ecosystems, and then is conducive to the retention of organic C in soil. Furthermore, the C and P limitations varied significantly between the bulk and rhizosphere soils at the high altitudes (3200–3500 m), but not at the low altitudes. This indicated the influences of vegetation on the microbial metabolisms, while the influences could decrease under the scenario of global warming.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that the alpine ecosystems with high organic C storage harbour abundant microbial populations limited by relative C and P, which have sensitive metabolic characteristics. This could thus potentially lead to large fluctuations in the soil C turnover under climate change. The study provides important insights linking microbial metabolisms to the environmental gradients, and improves our understanding of C cycling in alpine ecosystems.
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Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630751 and 41571314), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS (SKLLQGZR1803), CAS “Light of West China” Program (XAB2016A03), and State Key Research & Development Plan Project (2017YFC0504504).
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The supplementary information provides additional tables and one figure demonstrating the effects of altitude, location (bulk and rhizosphere), and their interactions on soil parameters; the correlation analyses of EEAs and microbial nutrient limitations with soil properties; a map of the Tibetan Plateau and the location of the study area; and a schematic of the sampling sites along the altitudinal gradient on Gongga Mountain. (DOCX 2352 kb)
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Cui, Y., Bing, H., Fang, L. et al. Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals the carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in alpine ecosystems. Plant Soil 458, 7–20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04159-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04159-x