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Recent progress on anti-nociceptive effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2)

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Abstract

The role of carbon monoxide (CO) has evolved albeit controversial disputes on its toxicity. This biological gasotransmitter participates in the endogenous regulation of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released in the nervous system. Exogenous CO gas inhalation at a lower concentration has been the subject of investigations, which have revealed its biological homeostatic mechanisms and protective effects against many pathological conditions. This therapeutic procedure of CO is, however, limited due to its immediate release, which favours haemoglobin at a high affinity with the subsequent generation of toxic carboxyhaemoglobin in tissues. In order to address this problem, carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) or also known as tricarbonyldichlororuthenium II dimer is developed to liberate a controlled amount of CO in the biological systems. In this review, we examine several potential mechanisms exerted by this therapeutic compound to produce the anti-nociceptive effect that has been demonstrated in previous studies. This review could shed light on the role of CORM-2 to reduce pain, especially in cases of chronic and neuropathic pain.

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Fig. 1

(Adapted from Southam et al. [91])

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing research grant (Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Project Code: FRGS/1/2019/SKK08/USM/03/13) in order to further exploring the therapeutic effects of CORM-2 in chronic pain.

Funding

This work was supported by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia [Fundamental Research Grant Scheme Project Code: FRGS/1/2019/SKK08/USM/03/13] received by Ismail CAN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir, Ain’ Sabreena Mohd Noh, Rahimah Zakaria & Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail

  2. International Medical School, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir

  3. Biomedicine Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Idris Long

  4. Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail

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  1. Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir
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  2. Ain’ Sabreena Mohd Noh
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  3. Idris Long
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Contributions

Material preparation and data collection were performed by Khir NAM and Noh ASM. The manuscript draft was written by Khir NAM and Ismail CAN commented on the previous manuscript drafts. Long I and Zakaria R has reviewed and proofread the prepared manuscript, All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail.

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This is a review manuscript. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (USM IACUC) and USM Human Research Ethics Committee have confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

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Khir, N.A.M., Noh, A.S.M., Long, I. et al. Recent progress on anti-nociceptive effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2). Mol Cell Biochem 479, 539–552 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04749-5

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