Abstract
This work aims to develop a bioactive ceramic substance to be used as a graft during maxillary sinus augmentation. Cordierite was created by sintering at 1400 °C a combination of 51.4% silica, 34.8% alumina, and 13.8% magnesia. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the manufactured chemical, and patterns revealed that indialite was identified as the predominate phase. Prepared cordierite had been mixed with hydroxyapatite to form three batches of cordierite:hydroxyapatite (Cor:HA). They were (50:50), (40:60), and (30:70), representing the first, second, and third batch respectively. Then, each batch had been sintered at 700, 900, and 1100 °C to get a new ceramic material. XRD analysis for the sintered samples indicates the presence of whitlockite phase in addition to HA and cordierite. To investigate the microstructure of manufactured samples, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. After 21 days of soaking to estimate degradability, data reveal that degradation rate substantially increased with increasing soaking period. The sample comprising 30:70 of (Cor:HA) and sintered at 1100 °C (Z7) employing the greatest degradability of around 34.53% after three weeks. The bioactivity outcomes showed that all grafts were bioactive, as indicated by the detection of apatite spheres using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Also, apatite formation was confirmed via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) shows appearance of Ca, P, O, and H peaks. Also, antibacterial and histological analysis were performed. As a result, Z7 grafting powder shows unique in vivo and in vitro behavior, in term of bioactivity, bacterial activity and bone formation.
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Acknowledgements
The Department of Materials Engineering at the University of Technology, the Ceramic and Building Materials/College of Materials Engineering at Babylon University, and the Departments of Surgery and Obstetrics and College of Veterinary Medicine et al.—Qasim Green University are all recipients of heartfelt thanks from the authors for their support of this work.
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ZJK: Experiments were carried out, original draft authoring, data curation, and preparation. FJA: Developed the tests, planned them, reviewed and edited the article. ESA: Editing, visualizing, and reviewing.
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Kadhim, Z.J., Al-Hasani, F.J. & Al-hassani, E.S. In Vivo and In Vitro Biological and Histological Evaluation of Cordierite-Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Grafting Powder During Maxillary Sinus Augmentation in Rabbit Model. J Inorg Organomet Polym 34, 401–418 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02833-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02833-3