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Optimization of sintering process and enhanced hybrid improper ferroelectricity of Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics fabricated by an acetic acid sol–gel method

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Abstract

The Ca3Ti2O7 materials exhibit hybrid improper ferroelectricity due to the rotation and tilt coupling of TiO6 octahedron. However, the lower remnant polarization of Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics obtained by conventional solid-state method limits its practical application. Herein, the single-phase Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics with enhanced ferroelectricity were synthesized using an acetic acid sol–gel method and two-stage sintering. The sintering process does not significantly change the distortion amplitude of TiO6 octahedron in Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics but has a greater impact on the grain size and the concentration of oxygen vacancy. The synergistic effects of grain size and oxygen vacancy have been achieved in the Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics prepared by the optimal sintering process (1400 °C/12 h − 1550 °C/18 h), which leads to its enhanced hybrid ferroelectricity (Pr = 1.34 μC/cm2 and EC = 120 kV/cm). These findings demonstrate that the sol–gel method is an effective approach to obtain the Ca3Ti2O7 materials with enhanced hybrid improper ferroelectricity.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Program for Creative Research Groups in University of Chongqing, China (CXQT19031), the Innovation Program for Chongqing's Overseas Returnees, China (cx2019159), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (CSTC2020jcyj-msxmX0030, CSTC2020jcyj-zdxmX0008), the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (202011551001), the Chongqing KeHui Graduate Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition (10111094, 10111043) and the Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Training Program Project of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (YKJCX2020220).

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  1. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, University Town, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, China

    Hongdi Wu, Wei Cai, Chuang Zhou, Ruiru Yang, Rongli Gao, Gang Chen, Xiaoling Deng, Zhenhua Wang, Xiang Lei & Chunlin Fu

  2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Device, University Town, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, China

    Wei Cai, Rongli Gao, Gang Chen, Xiaoling Deng, Zhenhua Wang, Xiang Lei & Chunlin Fu

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  1. Hongdi Wu
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Wu, H., Cai, W., Zhou, C. et al. Optimization of sintering process and enhanced hybrid improper ferroelectricity of Ca3Ti2O7 ceramics fabricated by an acetic acid sol–gel method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 24328–24341 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06902-6

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