Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The life cycle of Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with notes on the scyphistoma stage of three other species

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The life cycle of Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz, 1829, a common species on the Brazilian coast, is described. Mature medusae were collected and isolated in a planktonkreisel, whereupon planulae appeared after 1–2 days. These planulae settled and metamorphosed into polyps. Fully developed scyphistomae typically possessed 16 tentacles, and on strobilation produced from 2 to 10 ephyrae. The ephyrae were transparent and had characteristic nematocyst warts on the exumbrella. Tentacles first appeared near the margin on the subumbrella. Ephyrae and young medusae were maintained in laboratory conditions up to 7 months.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A. Agassiz A. G. Mayer (1898) ArticleTitleStudies from the Newport Marine Laboratory, XLI on Dactylometra. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 32 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Agassiz (1862) Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America, IV Little, Brown & Company, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • M. N. Arai (1997) A Functional Biology of Scyphozoa Chapman & Hall London

    Google Scholar 

  • D. R. Calder (1971) ArticleTitleNematocysts of polyps of Aurelia, Chrysaora, and Cyanea, and their utility in identification Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 90 269–274

    Google Scholar 

  • D. R. Calder (1972) ArticleTitleDevelopment of the sea nettle Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae) Chesapeake Science 13 40–44

    Google Scholar 

  • D. R. Calder (1977) ArticleTitleNematocysts of the ephyra stages of Aurelia, Chrysaora, Cyanea, and Rhopilema (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 96 13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • D. R. Calder (1983) ArticleTitleNematocysts in the life cycle of Stomolophus meleagris, with keys to scyphistomae and ephyrae of some western Atlantic Scyphozoa Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 1185–1192 Occurrence Handle10.1139/z83-161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. J. Delap (1901) ArticleTitleNotes on the rearing of Chrysaora isosceles in an aquarium Irish Naturalist 10 25–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Eschscholtz, F., 1829. System der Acalephen. Eine Ausführliche Beschreibung aller Medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dümmler, Berlin.

  • L. Gershwin A. G. Collins (2002) ArticleTitleA preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb nov. Journal of Natural History 36 127–148

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Goette (1893) ArticleTitleVergleichende Entwicklungsgeschichte von Pelagia noctiluca Pér Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie 55 645–695

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Greve (1968) ArticleTitleThe ‘planktonkreisel’, a new device for culturing zooplankton Marine Biology 1 201–203 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00347112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Jarms A. C. Morandini F. L. Silveira Particleda (2002) ArticleTitleMethods and experiences with cultivating polyps and medusae of Coronatae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with a review of important characters Helgoland Marine Research 56 203–210 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10152-002-0113-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Kakinuma (1967) ArticleTitleDevelopment of a scyphozoan, Dactylometra pacifica Goette Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi 13 29–32

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Lange R. Kaiser (1995) ArticleTitleThe maintenance of pelagic jellyfish in the Zoo-Aquarium Berlin International Zoo Yearbook 34 59–64

    Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Littleford (1939) ArticleTitleThe life cycle of Dactylometra quinquecirrha L Agassiz in the Chesapeake Bay. Biological Bulletin 77 368–381

    Google Scholar 

  • R. N. Mariscal (1974) Nematocysts L. Muscatine H. M. Lenhoff (Eds) Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and New Perspectives Academic Press New York 129–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A. G., 1910. The scyphomedusae, pages 499–735 (Part III) of The medusae of the world, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC [Reprinted in 1977 by A. Asher & Co. B.V., Amsterdam].

  • H. W. Mianzan (1989a) ArticleTitleLas medusas Scyphozoa de la Bahía Blanca, Argentina Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 37 29–32

    Google Scholar 

  • H. W. Mianzan (1989b) ArticleTitleSistematica y zoogeografía de Scyphomedusae en aguas neriticas argentinas Investigaciones Marinas CICIMAR 4 15–34

    Google Scholar 

  • H. W. Mianzan P. F. S. Cornelius (1999) Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae D. Boltovskoy (Eds) South Atlantic Zooplankton, Vol. I. Backhuys Publishers Leiden 513–559

    Google Scholar 

  • Migotto, A. E., A. C. Marques, A. C. Morandini & F. L. da Silveira, 2002. Checklist of the Cnidaria Medusozoa of Brazil. Biota Neotropica 2 [available on internet at http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n1/pt/fullpaper?BN01102012 002+en].

  • N. J. Olesen J. E. Purcell D. K. Stoecker (1996) ArticleTitleFeeding and growth by ephyrae of scyphomedusae Chrysaora quinquecirrha Marine Ecology Progress Series 137 149–159

    Google Scholar 

  • F. F. Y. Radwan L. Gershwin J. W. Burnett (2000) ArticleTitleToxinological studies on the nematocyst venom of Chrysaora achlyos Toxicon 38 1581–1591 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00092-1 Occurrence Handle10775757 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktF2rt7o%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. A. Raskoff F. A. Sommer W. M. Hamner K. M. Cross (2003) ArticleTitleCollection and culture techniques for gelatinous zooplankton Biological Bulletin 204 68–80 Occurrence Handle12588746

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • L. Rottini Sandrini M. Avian (1983) ArticleTitleBiological cycle of Pelagia noctiluca: morphological aspects of the development from planula to ephyra Marine Biology 74 169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • F. S. Russell (1970) The Medusae of the British Isles II Pelagic Scyphozoa with a Supplement to the First Volume on Hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press Cambridge: 284

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Schaadt L. Yasukochi L. Gershwin D. Wrobel (2001) ArticleTitleHusbandry of the black jelly (Chrysaora achlyos), a newly discovered scyphozoan in the eastern North Pacific Ocean Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, n° special 20 289–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, F. A., 1988. Developmental cycle of Pelagia colorata (Scyphozoa: Pelagiidae) [Abstract]. American Zoologist 28: 170A.

  • Sommer, F. A., 1992. Husbandry aspects of a jellyfish exhibit at the Monterrey Bay aquarium. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums 1992 Annual Conference Proceedings 1992: 362–369.

  • F. A. Sommer (1993) Jellyfish and beyond: husbandry of gelatinous zooplankton at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Third International Aquarium Congress Boston: 249–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronolone, V. B., A. C. Morandini & A. E. Migotto, 2002. On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast. Biota Neotropica 2 [available on internet at http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v2n2/pt/fullpaper?bn021 02022002+en].

  • T. Uchida Y. Sugiura (1975) ArticleTitleOn the ephyra and postephyra of a Semaeostome medusa, Sanderia malayensis Goette Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, series VI, Zoology 19 879–881

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Uchida Y. Sugiura (1978) ArticleTitleOn the polyp of the scyphomedusa, Sanderia malayensis and its reproduction Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, series VI, Zoology 21 279–286

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    André Carrara Morandini & Fábio Lang da Silveira

  2. Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Gerhard Jarms

Authors
  1. André Carrara Morandini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fábio Lang da Silveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gerhard Jarms
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to André Carrara Morandini.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Morandini, A.C., Silveira, F.L.d. & Jarms, G. The life cycle of Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with notes on the scyphistoma stage of three other species. Hydrobiologia 530, 347–354 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-2694-0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-004-2694-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation