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The Cyclopentanone Self-condensation Over Calcined and Uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2 with Different Acidic Properties

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Abstract

The self-condensation of cyclopentanone has been studied over calcined and uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2. The catalyst properties were examined by XRD, FTIR, SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, and pyridine FTIR. Compared with calcined TiO2–ZrO2, uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2 exhibited superior catalytic performance (94% conversion of cyclopentanone and 86% yield of dimer). This might be because uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2 has both Lewis and Brønsted acids, while calcined TiO2–ZrO2 only contains Lewis acids. Kinetics analysis indicated that C–C coupling was the rate-limiting step on the two catalysts. For uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2, the C–C coupling occurred between the two species on the catalyst surface. Through the H bond, the cyclopentanone was firmly adsorbed on the catalyst surface by Brønsted acid sites, then the enol intermediate could attack another cyclopentanone polarized by adjacent Lewis acid sites. As a consequence, the coexistence of Brønsted and Lewis acids in catalysts exhibited enhanced activity in cyclopentanone self-condensation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21878255), and the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2018JJ2385)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China

    Jinmeng Wan, Haixia Yang, Lin Fu, Wenjing Lin, Qing Hu, Fengcao Xi, Langsheng Pan, Yongfei Li & Yuejin Liu

  2. National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China

    Langsheng Pan, Yongfei Li & Yuejin Liu

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  1. Jinmeng Wan
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  3. Lin Fu
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Wan, J., Yang, H., Fu, L. et al. The Cyclopentanone Self-condensation Over Calcined and Uncalcined TiO2–ZrO2 with Different Acidic Properties. Catal Lett 152, 806–820 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03655-z

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