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Flavonoids: a review on biosynthesis and transportation mechanism in plants

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A Correction to this article was published on 02 October 2023

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Abstract

In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation of flavonoids through forward genetic approaches. However, there remains a notable gap in knowledge regarding the functional characterization and underlying processes of the transport framework responsible for flavonoid transport. This aspect requires further investigation and clarification to achieve a comprehensive understanding. Presently, there are a total of four proposed transport models associated with flavonoids, namely glutathione S-transferase (GST), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRPs), and bilitranslocase-homolog (BTL). Extensive research has been conducted on the proteins and genes related to these transport models. However, despite these efforts, numerous challenges still exist, leaving much to be explored in the future. Gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these transport models holds immense potential for various fields such as metabolic engineering, biotechnological approaches, plant protection, and human health. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the understanding of flavonoid transport mechanisms. By doing so, we aim to paint a clear and coherent picture of the dynamic trafficking of flavonoids.

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Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Change history

Abbreviations

BTL:

Bilirubin bilitranslocase

MRP:

Multidrug resistance-associated protein

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

AVIs:

Anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

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Acknowledgements

We extend our thanks to Professor Yongping Cai and Professor Rashid Ahmed khan for their comments and critical reading and improving the manuscript.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Muhammad Aamir Manzoor and Irfan Ali Sabir have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Muhammad Aamir Manzoor, Irfan Ali Sabir, Iftikhar Hussain Shah, M. Sanaullah Malik & Muhammad Abdullah

  2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China

    Muhammad Waheed Riaz

  3. Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China

    Shamsur Rehman

  4. Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-Agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Luan, 237012, China

    Cheng Song & Gouhui Li

  5. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development On Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People’s Republic of China

    Ghulam Abbas Ashraf

  6. Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajjad Haider

  7. CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Yunpeng Cao

  8. Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Muhammad Abdullah

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Contributions

MAM conceived and designed the experiments; IAS, IHS, MWH, SR, CS, LG, MSM, GAA, and MSH contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; YC and MA provided guidance on the whole manuscript. MAM wrote the article.

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Correspondence to Yunpeng Cao or Muhammad Abdullah.

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Manzoor, M.A., Sabir, I.A., Shah, I.H. et al. Flavonoids: a review on biosynthesis and transportation mechanism in plants. Funct Integr Genomics 23, 212 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-023-01147-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-023-01147-4

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