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The role of exosomes in pathogenesis and the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease. The predominant pathology of PD is the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra. Cell transplantation is a strategy with significant potential for treating PD; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a tremendous therapeutic cell source because they are easily accessible. MSC-derived exosomes with potential protective action in lesioned sites serve as an essential promoter of neuroprotection, and neurodifferentiation, by modulating neural stem cells, neurons, glial cells, and axonal growth in vitro and in vivo environments. The biological properties of MSC-derived exosomes have been proposed as a beneficial tool in different pathological conditions, including PD. Therefore, in this review, we assort the current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes as a new possible therapeutic strategy for PD by providing an overview of the potential role of miRNAs as a component of exosomes in the cellular and molecular basis of PD.

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Abbreviations

PD :

Parkinson’s disease

MSCs :

mesenchymal stem cells

miRNAs :

microRNAs

MAO-B :

monoamine oxidase-B

COMT :

catechol-o-methyltransferase

EVs :

membrane-bound extracellular vesicles

CCV :

clathrin-coated vesicles

MVBs :

multi-vesicular bodies

ILVs :

intraluminal vesicles

TGN :

trans-Golgi Network

ESCRT :

endosomal sorting complex required for transport

SNAREs :

soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors

LncRNA :

long non-coding RNA

CNS :

central nervous system

CNS :

central nervous system

NPCs :

neural progenitor cells

siRNAs :

short interfering RNAs

BBB :

blood-brain barrier

BMECs :

brain microvascular endothelial cells

GluR :

glutamate receptors R

L1CAM :

L1 cell adhesion molecule

LBs :

Lewy bodies

Aβ :

amyloid beta

MHC-1 :

major histocompatibility complex I

SNpc :

substantia nigra pars compacta

PEDF :

pigment epithelium-derived factor

Cys-C :

cystatin-C

BDNF :

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

IGF-1 :

insulin-like growth factor 1

VEGF :

vascular endothelial growth factor

MMPs :

matrix metalloproteinases

UTR :

untranslated region

ORF :

open reading frame

TLR :

toll-like receptor

CSF :

cerebrospinal fluid

ROCK1 :

Rho-associated kinase 1

SNCA :

synuclein alpha

MPP +  :

1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

NK :

neural killer

IFN-γ :

interferon gamma

IL :

interleukin

IRS-1 :

insulin receptor substrate 1

MDS-UPDRS :

Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale

AMSCs :

adipose mesenchymal stem cells

MALAT1 :

metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

UMSCs :

umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

HDAC :

histone deacetylase

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam for suggesting the subject of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Maryam Abrishamdar & Maryam Sadat Jalali

  2. Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Neda Yazdanfar

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  1. Maryam Abrishamdar
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design, drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and approval of the final version.

1. MA contributed to designing and preparing the manuscript.

2. MJ contributed to preparation of manuscript and editing it.

3. NY contributed to preparing figures and table and revising the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maryam Sadat Jalali.

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Abrishamdar, M., Jalali, M.S. & Yazdanfar, N. The role of exosomes in pathogenesis and the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes against Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 44, 2277–2289 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-06706-y

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