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Efficient oxidation by sono-photo-electrocatalysis of rhodamine B using MgFe2O4 as photoanode

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Abstract

The present work describes the colour removal of Rhodamine B (Rh B), a cationic dye by photo-electrocatalysis and sono-photo-electrocatalysis on MgFe2O4 as an anode. The spinel MgFe2O4 synthesized by sol–gel route was characterized by physical and electrochemical methods, a preamble of Rh B oxidation. The XRD pattern shows the formation of the single phase, which crystallizes in a face-centred cubic lattice (space group, Fd − 3 m), with spherical crystallites (0.42 nm). The Zeta-sizer analysis gives an average grain size of 0.46 µm and a zeta potential of − 30 mV. The SEM analysis revealed the porosity of the oxide and the Mg-O and Fe–O bonds were confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. The direct optical gap (2.16 eV) assigned to d − d internal transition comes from the crystal field splitting of Fe3+ octahedrally coordinated. The low electron mobility is assigned to a narrow conduction band of Fe3+—3d parentage with activation energy (0.12 eV) in conformity with a conduction mechanism by small lattice polaron hopping. The intensity potential J(E) profile in Na2SO4 (10−2 M) exhibits a small hysteresis similar to a chemical diode. The semi-logarithmic plot (logJ − E) indicates the chemical stability of MgFe2O4 in the working solution (Na2SO4). Curiously and unlike most spinels, the capacitance plot exhibits n-type conduction confirmed by chrono-amperometry, plotted at the free potential (+ 0.5 V) with a flat band potential (Efb) of 0.29 V, due to Fe3+ insertion. As an application, Rh B (20 mg L−1) was successfully oxidized by photo-electrocatalysis on MgFe2O4 with an abatement of 75% under solar irradiation and a direct current of 150 mA which has a bactericidal effect. An enhancement up to 97% has been reached by sono-photo-electrocatalysis at a frequency of 60 kHz; almost complete discoloration occurred within 90 min in the “US-Electric Current-Sunlight-MgFe2O4”. The Rh B elimination follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic with a rate constant of 3.9 × 10−2 mn−1 (t1/2 = 18 min), and a reaction mechanism is suggested.

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  1. Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria

    A. Sahmi

  2. Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    A. Sahmi, K. Bensadok & M. Trari

  3. Laboratory of Material science and engineering, Department of Materials Sciences, USTHB Algeria, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria

    A. Sahmi

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Sahmi, A., Bensadok, K. & Trari, M. Efficient oxidation by sono-photo-electrocatalysis of rhodamine B using MgFe2O4 as photoanode. J Solid State Electrochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05852-3

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