Skip to main content
Log in

Identification key for selection of the matrix type to which a sample belongs within the context of GMO analysis

  • Practitioner's Report
  • Published:
Accreditation and Quality Assurance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Analysis of food or feed samples by DNA-based methods first needs a sample preparation before DNA extraction. Due to the large variety of types of food and feed samples, methods must be adapted to the matrices encountered. Within an accreditation scheme, auditors frequently require a clear decision system enabling the technical staff to determine which method has to be used to perform the sample preparation and the DNA extraction. In this paper, we present an identification key that easily determines the type of matrix and the subsequent operations. The method presented is used in the framework of GMO analysis but could be extended to a wide variety of other DNA-based methods applied to food and feed products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

References

  1. AFNOR (2006) Implementation guide for standards NF EN ISO 24276, NF EN ISO 21569, NF EN ISO 21570 and NF EN ISO 21571 – Nucleic acid based methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived products (in French), Document GA V03–042, pp 24, AFNOR, France

  2. Almendingen K, Meltzer HM, Pedersen JI, Nilsen BN, Ellekjñ M (2000) Near infrared spectroscopy Ð a potentially useful method for rapid determination of fat and protein content in homogenized diets. Eur J Clin Nutr 54:20–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Berben G, Debode F, Janssen E (2007) Analytical sample preparation steps for GMO analysis. GMO detection in the EU: past, present and future in Platform for Scientific Concertation: “Food Safety”, towards a safer food supply in Europe, edited by Carlos Van Peteghem, Sarah De Saeger and Els Daeseleire, Belgian Science Policy, ISBN 978-90-8756-032-4, pp 88–94. http://www.belspo.be/belspo/organisation/publ/pub_ostc/OA/rOA22_en.pdf

  4. Bernardo GD, Gaudio SD, Galderisi U, Cascino A, Cipollaro M (2007) Comparative evaluation of different DNA extraction procedures from food samples. Biotechnol Prog 23:297–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boskou D, Blekas G, Tsimidou M (2006) Olive oil composition. In Olive Oil (pp. 41–72). AOCS press. ISBN 9781893997882

  6. Chaouachi M (2016) Nucleic Acid Sample Preparation for Quantitative and Qualitative GMO analysis in Sample Preparation Techniques for Soil, Plant and Animal Samples, M. Micic (ed.), Springer Protocols Handbooks. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3185-9_15

  7. Codex Alimentarius Commission (2000) Codex Standard for butter, Codex stan A-1–1971, pp. 9–11. Published by Joint FAO/WHO. ISBN 925104497

  8. Codex Alimentarius Commission (2001) Codex Standard for margarine, Codex stan 32–1981, pp. 51–61. Published by Joint FAO/WHO. ISBN 92510468214

  9. Coello RP, Justo JP, Mendoza AF, Ordoñez ES (2017) Comparison of three DNA extraction methods for the detection and quantification of GMO in Ecuadorian manufactured food. BMC Res Notes 10:758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Corbisier P, Broothaerts W, Gioria S, Schimmel H, Burns M, Baoutina A, Emslie KR, Furui S, Kurosawa Y, Holden MJ, Kim HH, Lee YM, Kawaharasaki M, Sin D, Wang J (2007) Toward metrological traceability for DNA fragment ratios in GM quantification. 1. Effect of DNA extraction methods on the quantitative determination of Bt176 corn by real-time PCR. J Agric Food Chem 55:3249–3257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Di Pinto A, Forte V, Guastadisegni MC, Martino C, Schena FP, Tantillo G (2007) A comparison of DNA extraction methods for food analysis. Food Control 18:76–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Djurkin Kušec I, Radišić Ž, Komlenić M, Kušec G (2015) Comparison of commercial DNA kits and traditional DNA extraction procedure in PCR detection of pork in dry/fermented sausages. Poljoprivreda 21:199–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Elsanhoty RM, Ramadan MF, Jany KD (2011) DNA extraction methods for detecting genetically modified foods: a comparative study. Food Chem 126:1883–1889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. ENGL working group on “sample preparation procedures” (2014) Guidelines for sample preparation procedures in GMO analysis. JRC technical report EUR 27021 EN, Ispra, Italy. ISBN 978-92-79-44704-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2788/738570. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC94042/lbna27021enn.pdf

  15. Gryson N, Messens K, Dewettinck K (2004) Influence of different oil-refining parameters and sampling size on the detection of genetically modified DNA in soybean oil. J Am Oil Chem’ Soc 81:231–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hammond EW (2003). Vegetable oils - types and properties. In Caballero B (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (pp. 5899–5904). Oxford: Academic Press. ISBN: 9780122270550

  17. Hourant P, Baeten V, Morales MT, Meurens M, Aparicio R (2000) Oil and fat classification by selected bands of near-infrared spectroscopy. Appl spectrosc 54:1168–1174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. ISO21571 (2005) Foodstuffs - Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived products - Nucleic acid extraction. ISO, Geneva

  19. Mafra ISSA, Moreira EJ, da Silva CSF, Beatriz M, Oliveira PP (2008) Comparative study of DNA extraction methods for soybean derived food products. Food Control 19:1183–1190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Meyer R (1999) Development and application of DNA analytical methods for the detection of GMOs in food. Food Control 10:391–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pafundo S, Gullì M, Marmiroli N (2011) Comparison of DNA extraction methods and development of duplex PCR and real-time PCR to detect tomato, carrot, and celery in food. J Agric Food Chem 59:10414–10424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pirondini A, Bonas U, Maestri E, Visioli G, Marmiroli M, Marmiroli N (2010) Yield and amplificability of different DNA extraction procedures for traceability in the dairy food chain. Food Control 21:663–668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Porebski S, Bailey LG, Baum BR (1997) Modification of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol for plants containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol components. Plant Mol Biol Rep 15:8–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular Cloning. Second Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, A laboratory manual. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90210-6

    Book  Google Scholar 

  25. Sangeetha J, Thangadurai D (2013) Identification Key for the Major Growth Forms of Lichenized Fungi. In Laboratory Protocols in Fungal Biology (pp. 91–112). Springer, New York. ISBN: 9781461423553

  26. Scholfield CR (1981) Composition of Soybean Lecithin. J Am Oil Chem Soc 58:889–989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sisea CR, Pamfil D (2007) Comparison of DNA extraction methods for GMO analysis of food products. Bull USAMV-CN 63:64

    Google Scholar 

  28. Smith DS, Maxwell PW, De Boer SH (2005) Comparison of several methods for the extraction of DNA from potatoes and potato-derived products. J Agric Food Chem 53:9848–9859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Stefanova P, Taseva M, Georgieva T, Gotcheva V, Angelov A (2013) A modified CTAB method for DNA extraction from soybean and meat products. Biotechnol Biotechnoll Equip 27:3803–3810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tung Nguyen CT, Son R, Raha AR, Lai OM, Clemente Michael WVL (2009) Comparison of DNA extraction efficiencies using various methods for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Int Food Res J 16:21–30

    Google Scholar 

  31. Turkec A, Kazan H, Karacanli B, Lucas SJ (2015) DNA extraction techniques compared for accurate detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in maize food and feed products. J Food Sci Technol 52:5164–5171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wurz A, Rüggeberg H, Brodmann P, Waiblinger HU, Pietsch K (1998) DNA-Extraktionsmethode für den Nachweis gentechnisch veränderter Soja in Sojalecithin. Deutsch Lebensmit Rundsch 94:159–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Žel J, Demšar T, Štebih D, Milavec M, Gruden K (2015) Extraction of DNA from different sample types-a practical approach for GMO testing. Acta Biol Slov 58:31–75

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Debode.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Debode, F., Janssen, E. & Berben, G. Identification key for selection of the matrix type to which a sample belongs within the context of GMO analysis. Accred Qual Assur 26, 107–112 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-021-01462-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-021-01462-y

Keywords

Navigation