Abstract
l-Lysine is an essential amino acid that can be produced by chemical processes from fossil raw materials, as well as by microbial fermentation, the latter being a more efficient and environmentally friendly procedure. In this work, the production process of l-lysine-HCl is studied using a systematic approach based on modeling and simulation, which supports decision making in the early stage of process design. The study considers two analysis stages: first, the dynamic analysis of the fermentation reactor, where the conversion of sugars from sugarcane molasses to l-lysine with a strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum is carried out. In this stage, the operation mode (either batch or fed batch) and operating conditions of the fermentation reactor are defined to reach the maximum technical criteria. Afterwards, the second analysis stage relates to the industrial production process of l-lysine-HCl, where the fermentation reactor, upstream processing, and downstream processing are included. In this stage, the influence of key parameters on the overall process performance is scrutinized through the evaluation of several technical, economic, and environmental criteria, to determine a profitable and sustainable design of the l-lysine production process. The main results show how the operating conditions, process design, and selection of evaluation criteria can influence in the conceptual design. The best plant design shows maximum product yield (0.31 g l-lysine/g glucose) and productivity (1.99 g/L/h), achieving 26.5% return on investment (ROI) with a payback period (PBP) of 3.8 years, decreasing water and energy consumption, and with a low potential environmental impact (PEI) index.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hatti-Kaul R, Tornvall U, Gustafsson L, Borjesson P (2007) Industrial biotechnology for the production of bio-based chemicals—a cradle-to-grave perspective. Trends Biotechnol 25(3):119–124. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.01.001
de Jong E, Higson A, Walsh P, Wellisch M (2012) Bio-based chemicals value added products from biorefineries. IEA Bioenergy, Task42 Biorefinery
Eggeling L, Bott M (2015) A giant market and a powerful metabolism: l-lysine provided by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(8):3387–3394. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6508-2
Buechs J (1994) Precise optimization of fermentation processes through integration of bioreaction. Process computations in biotechnology. McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Heinzle E, Biwer AP, Cooney CL (2007) Development of sustainable bioprocesses: modeling and assessment. Wiley, Chichester
Taras S, Woinaroschy A (2012) An interactive multi-objective optimization framework for sustainable design of bioprocesses. Comput Chem Eng 43:10–22. doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.04.011
Brunet R, Guillén-Gosálbez G, Pérez-Correa JR, Caballero JA, Jiménez L (2012) Hybrid simulation-optimization based approach for the optimal design of single-product biotechnological processes. Comput Chem Eng 37:125–135. doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.07.013
Anastassiadis S (2007) l-Lysine fermentation. recent patents on. Biotechnology 1(1):11–24. doi:10.2174/187220807779813947
Pfefferle W, Mockel B, Bathe B (2003) Biotechnological manufacture of lysine. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 79:59–112
Li T, Chen X, Chen J, Wu Q, Chen G (2014) Open and continuous fermentation: products, conditions and bioprocess economy. Biotechnol J 9:1503–1511
Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR (2009) Product & process design principles: synthesis. analysis and evaluation. Wiley, New York
Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaeiwitz JA (2008) Analysis, synthesis and design of chemical processes. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Young DM, Cabezas H (1999) Designing sustainable processes with simulation: the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm. Comput Chem Eng 23(10):1477–1491
Razak MA, Viswanath B (2014) Optimization of fermentation upstream parameters and immobilization of Corynebacterium glutamicum MH 20-22 B cells to enhance the production of l-lysine. 3. Biotech 5(4):531–540. doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0252-7
Rajvanshi M, Gayen K, Venkatesh KV (2013) Lysine overproducing Corynebacterium glutamicum is characterized by a robust linear combination of two optimal phenotypic states. Syst Synth Biol 7(1):51–62. doi:10.1007/s11693-013-9107-5
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Rodolfo Quintero-Ramirez from UAM and Rafiqul Gani from DTU for useful discussions. Partial financial support is gratefully acknowledged from UAM (Omar Anaya-Reza, Grant 2131800687) and Conacyt (Teresa Lopez-Arenas, project 133325).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anaya-Reza, O., Lopez-Arenas, T. Comprehensive assessment of the l-lysine production process from fermentation of sugarcane molasses. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 40, 1033–1048 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-017-1766-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-017-1766-2