Abstract
During clonorchiasis, immune responses of hosts are responsible for the removal of the worms and also are involved in the progress of the pathological damage caused by Clonorchis sinensis. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a recently described cytokine signaling through the ST2 receptor, has emerged as a potent inducer to bile duct proliferation and fibrosis; however, little is known of this signaling in the pathogen-caused periductal inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry, we studied the expression of IL-33/ST2 during C. sinensis infection, as well as their potential roles in C. sinensis-induced host immune responses. The results showed that a higher level of IL-33 was detected in the sera of patients of clonorchiasis (n = 45), compared with in those of healthy donors (n = 16). Similarly, in FVB mice experimentally infected with C. sinensis, a higher level of IL-33 was detected at latent stage both in the serum and in the liver, as well as the up-regulated expression of ST2 receptor on the inflammatory cells, especially on CD4+ T cells in the liver of infected mice. Our results, for the first time, indicated that the increased IL-33/ST2 may be involved in the regulation of immunopathology induced by C. sinensis.
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Acknowledgments
Project support was provided in part by the Starting Foundation for Talents of Xuzhou Medical College (Grant No. 53591317), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81572019 and 31302077), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 1506) and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) in the year of 2014. The founders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Qian Yu and Xiang-Yang Li contributed equally to this work.
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Fig. S1
Secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4+ lymphocytes infiltrating in the liver of FVB mice infected by Clonorchis sinensis on 28 days post-infection. (A, B) Representative plots are shown. (C) Data shown represent the mean ± SEM of four mice. **p < 0.01 (GIF 14 kb)
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Yu, Q., Li, XY., Cheng, XD. et al. Expression and potential roles of IL-33/ST2 in the immune regulation during Clonorchis sinensis infection. Parasitol Res 115, 2299–2305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-4974-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-4974-9