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Exploring the potential role for extended reality in Mohs micrographic surgery

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Abstract

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a cornerstone of dermatological practice. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technology, initially used for entertainment, have entered healthcare, offering real-time data overlaying a surgeon’s view. This paper explores potential applications of VR and AR in MMS, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. We aim to identify research gaps to facilitate innovation in dermatological surgery. We conducted a PubMed search using the following: “augmented reality” OR “virtual reality” AND “Mohs” or “augmented reality” OR “virtual reality” AND “surgery.” Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English discussing these technologies in medical settings. We excluded non-peer-reviewed sources, non-English articles, and those not addressing these technologies in a medical context. VR alleviates patient anxiety and enhances patient satisfaction while serving as an educational tool. It also aids physicians by providing realistic surgical simulations. On the other hand, AR assists in real-time lesion analysis, optimizing incision planning, and refining margin control during surgery. Both of these technologies offer remote guidance for trainee residents, enabling real-time learning and oversight and facilitating synchronous teleconsultations. These technologies may transform dermatologic surgery, making it more accessible and efficient. However, further research is needed to validate their effectiveness, address potential challenges, and optimize seamless integration. All in all, AR and VR enhance real-world environments with digital data, offering real-time surgical guidance and medical insights. By exploring the potential integration of these technologies in MMS, our study identifies avenues for further research to thoroughly understand the role of these technologies to redefine dermatologic surgery, elevating precision, surgical outcomes, and patient experiences.

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Data and materials used in this study are available upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Anika Pulumati

  2. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Anika Pulumati

  3. Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Yanci A. Algarin

  4. Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Dana Jaalouk

  5. University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Melanie Hirsch

  6. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Keyvan Nouri

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  4. Melanie Hirsch
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Contributions

AP made substantial contributions to the design of the research paper, analysis and interpretation of data, and reviewing it critically to ensure emphasis of important educational content. AP, YA, DJ, and MH contributed to writing the manuscript and reviewing the final draft. KN reviewed and approved the final draft to be published with his expertise.

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Correspondence to Anika Pulumati.

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Pulumati, A., Algarin, Y.A., Jaalouk, D. et al. Exploring the potential role for extended reality in Mohs micrographic surgery. Arch Dermatol Res 316, 67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-023-02804-1

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