Abstract
Anaplastic gangliogliomas (AGG) are rare tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that commonly affect children and young adults, with an unusual infratentorial presentation, which is related to hydrocephalus and a worse prognosis. We report a case of a brainstem AGG in a 2-year-old boy who underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) and later presented peritoneal metastasis. We also reviewed the related literature. Even though rare, disease dissemination through VPS should be sought in patients with CNS tumors and VPS who develop new abdominal symptoms. The early diagnosis and intervention may minimize morbidity and improve quality of life of such patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Puget S, Alshehri A, Beccaria K et al (2015) Pediatric infratentorial ganglioglioma. Child’s Nerv Syst 31(10):1707–1716
Sasaki A, Hirato J, Nakazato Y, Tamura M, Kadowaki H (1996) Recurrent anaplastic ganglioglioma: pathological characterization of tumor cells: Case report. J Neurosurg 84(6):1055–1059
Selvanathan SK, Hammouche S, Salminen HJ, Jenkinson MD (2011) Outcome and prognostic features in anaplastic ganglioglioma: analysis of cases from the SEER database. J Neurooncol 105(3):539–545
Donson AM, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Aisner DL, Bemis LT, Birks DK, Levy JMM, Smith AA, Handler MH, Foreman NK, Rush SZ (2014) Pediatric brainstem gangliogliomas show BRAFV600E mutation in a high percentage of cases. Brain Pathol 24(2):173–183
Dewan MC, Lim J, Shannon CN, Wellons JC (2017) The durability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children with hydrocephalus following posterior fossa tumor resection: a systematic review and time-to-failure analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 19(5):578–584
Lin CT, Riva-Cambrin JK (2015) Management of posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus in children: a review. Child’s Nerv Syst 31(10):1781–1789
Araki M, Fan J, Haraoka S, Moritake T, Yoshii Y, Watanabe T (1999) Extracranial metastasis of anaplastic ganglioglioma through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case report. Pathol Int 49(3):258–263
Nigim F, Critchlow JF, Kasper EM (2015) Role of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in patients with neoplasms of the central nervous system: an analysis of 59 cases. Mol Clin Oncol 3(6):1381–1386
Luyken C, Blümcke I, Fimmers R, Urbach H, Wiestler OD, Schramm J (2004) Supratentorial gangliogliomas: histopathologic grading and tumor recurrence in 184 patients with a median follow-up of 8 years. Cancer 101(1):146–155
Karremann M, Pietsch T, Janssen G, Kramm CM, Wolff JEA (2009) Anaplastic ganglioglioma in children. J Neurooncol 92(2):157–163
Lucas JT, Huang AJ, Mott RT, Lesser GJ, Tatter SB, Chan MD (2015) Anaplastic ganglioglioma: a report of three cases and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 123(1):171–177
Le Fournier L, Delion M, Esvan M, De Carli E, Chappé C, Mercier P, Menei P, Riffaud L (2017) Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric metastatic tumors of the posterior fossa at presentation. Child’s Nerv Syst 33(9):1473–1480
Smoll NR, Villanueva EV (2010) The epidemiology of extraneural metastasis from primary brain, spinal cord, and meningeal tumors. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f3d3dd
Newton HB, Rosenblum MK, Walker RW (1992) Extraneural metastasis of infratentorial glioblastoma multiforme to the peritoneal cavity. Cancer 69(8):2149–2153
Pettersson D, Schmitz KR, Pollock JM, L Hopkins K (2012) Medulloblastoma: seeding of VP shunt tract and peritoneum. Clin Pract 2(2):88–90
Wolf A, Cowen D, Stewart WB (1954) Glioblastoma with extraneural metastasis by way of a ventriculopleural anastomosis. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 13(79th Meeting):140–142
Duffner PK, Cohen ME (1981) Extraneural metastasis in childhood brain tumors. Ann Neurol 10(3):261–265
Han YP, Zhao Y, He XG, Ma J (2012) Peritoneal metastasis of third ventricular atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor after VP shunt implantation for unexplained hydrocephalus. World J Pediatr 8(4):367–370
Berger MS, Baumeister B, Geyer JR, Milstein J, Kanev PM, LeRoux PD (1991) The risks of metastasis from shunting in children with primary central nervous system tumors. J Neurosurg 74(6):872–877
Lindsay AJ, Rush SZ, Fenton LZ (2014) Pediatric posterior fossa ganglioglioma: unique MRI features and correlation with BRAF V600E mutation status. J Neurooncol 118(2):395–404
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Helder Tedeschi, MD, PhD, for the useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
The research was approved by the Local Ethics Committee (number 71579317.7.0000.537). As this is an observational study, there will be no therapeutic implications or harm of any nature to the research subjects, and the confidentiality of their data will be maintained by the researchers.
Conflict of interest
None of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Giglio, M.V., Matias, L.G., Formentin, C. et al. Peritoneal metastasis of a brainstem anaplastic ganglioglioma in a 2-year-old boy: case report and literature review. Childs Nerv Syst 38, 1999–2003 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-022-05516-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-022-05516-5