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Tailoring the physical properties of non-molar potassium-substituted magnesium ferrite nanomaterials and its applications in hydroelectric cell

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Abstract

Nanoscale ferrite magnetic materials have been applicable as electronic materials due to their tuned structural, magnetic and optical behaviors. In the present research, non-stoichiometric potassium-substituted magnesium ferrite nanomaterials, Mg0.5+xK1−2xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.35), have been prepared by a cost-effective citrate precursor method annealed at a low temperature of 450°C. The average crystallite size was calculated using a W–H plot and ranged from 22 to 33 nm. HRTEM analysis determined the morphology, d-spacing, and particle size (ranging from 26 to 37 nm). EDAX analysis revealed the absence of impurity phases in the prepared nanomaterials. FTIR study showed that ferrite nanomaterial belonged to the Fd-3 m space group, and the bond length decreased with K+ ion concentration. The band gap was evaluated by the Tauc plot, which reduced from 2.39 eV to 2.12 eV with decreasing K+ content. Zeta measurements revealed the stability of the prepared material in the colloidal phase. The saturation magnetization increased from 4.53 to 22.15 emu/g with the decreasing molar concentration of K. The ferroelectric measurement demonstrated the decreasing leakage currents, which indicates the possible use of ferrites in various electronic fields. The hydroelectric cell performance of the prepared materials showed a decrease in voltage–current slope with increased potassium substitution, which is indicative of the increase in material resistance. The room temperature photoluminescence analysis represented all emission peaks in the visible range. Thus, the non-molar and low-temperature synthesis of K-substituted ferrites may be advantageous for various areas of science and technology due to their tuned optical, structural, magnetic, ferroelectric, and voltage–current properties.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

Principal investigator Dr. Rakesh Kr Singh is thankful to the World Bank project 2038-Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP-3) of Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna, India

    Rakesh Kumar Singh, Nishant Kumar & Vivek Kumar

  2. Dept. of Nanotechnology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bangalore, India

    Dinesh Rangappa

  3. National Physical Laboratory-CSIR, New Delhi, India

    Jyoti Shah & R. K. Kotnala

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  1. Rakesh Kumar Singh
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Singh, R.K., Rangappa, D., Kumar, N. et al. Tailoring the physical properties of non-molar potassium-substituted magnesium ferrite nanomaterials and its applications in hydroelectric cell. Appl. Phys. A 129, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06291-5

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