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Wheat grain proteomic and protein–metabolite interactions analyses provide insights into plant growth promoting bacteria–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi–wheat interactions

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Abstract

Key message

Proteomic, protein–protein and protein–metabolite interaction analyses in wheat inoculated with PGPB and AMF identified key proteins and metabolites that may have a role in enhancing yield and biofortification.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have an impact on grain yield and nutrition. This dynamic yet complex interaction implies a broad reprogramming of the plant’s metabolic and proteomic activities. However, little information is available regarding the role of native PGPB and AMF and how they affect the plant proteome, especially under field conditions. Here, proteomic, protein–protein and protein–metabolite interaction studies in wheat triggered by PGPB, Bacillus subtilis CP4 either alone or together with AMF under field conditions was carried out. The dual inoculation with native PGPB (CP4) and AMF promoted the differential abundance of many proteins, such as histones, glutenin, avenin and ATP synthase compared to the control and single inoculation. Interaction study of these differentially expressed proteins using STRING revealed that they interact with other proteins involved in seed development and abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, these interacting proteins are involved in carbon fixation, sugar metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. Molecular docking predicted that wheat seed storage proteins, avenin and glutenin interact with secondary metabolites, such as trehalose, and sugars, such as xylitol. Mapping of differentially expressed proteins to KEGG pathways showed their involvement in sugar metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and modulation of histones. These proteins and metabolites can serve as markers for improving wheat–PGPB–AMF interactions leading to higher yield and biofortification.

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Data availability

The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (Perez-Riverol et al. 2019) partner repository with the data set identifier PXD027072. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (http://www.proteomexchange.org) with identifier PXD027072.

Code availability

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Acknowledgements

RY acknowledges UGC, New Delhi, India for their financial assistance in the form of Junior Research Fellow (JRF) and Senior Research Fellow (SRF) during the Ph.D. program.

Funding

This project was funded by DST (SERB), Government of India (grant number EMR/2016/006311). Authors acknowledge equipment funding by DST-FIST (santion order number SR/FST/LS-I/2018/125(C)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Punjab, India

    Radheshyam Yadav & Wusirika Ramakrishna

  2. Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Punjab, India

    Sudip Chakraborty

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  1. Radheshyam Yadav
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  2. Sudip Chakraborty
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  3. Wusirika Ramakrishna
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Contributions

Conceptualization, WR and SC: methodology, RY and SC: formal analysis, RY, SC: and WR: investigation, RY: resources, WR and SC: data curation, RY, SC and WR: writing-original draft preparation, RY and SC: writing-review and editing, RW: supervision, RW and SC: project administration, RW: funding acquisition, RW: all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wusirika Ramakrishna.

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Yadav, R., Chakraborty, S. & Ramakrishna, W. Wheat grain proteomic and protein–metabolite interactions analyses provide insights into plant growth promoting bacteria–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi–wheat interactions. Plant Cell Rep 41, 1417–1437 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02866-x

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