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Bioanalytical approaches for the detection, characterization, and risk assessment of micro/nanoplastics in agriculture and food systems

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Abstract

This review discusses the most recent literature (mostly since 2019) on the presence and impact of microplastics (MPs, particle size of 1 μm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, particle size of 1 to 1000 nm) throughout the agricultural and food supply chain, focusing on the methods and technologies for the detection and characterization of these materials at key entry points. Methods for the detection of M/NPs include electron and atomic force microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman), hyperspectral (bright field and dark field) and fluorescence imaging, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Microfluidic biosensors and risk assessment assays of MP/NP for in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models have also been used. Advantages and limitations of each method or approach in specific application scenarios are discussed to highlight the scientific and technological obstacles to be overcome in future research. Although progress in recent years has increased our understanding of the mechanisms and the extent to which MP/NP affects health and the environment, many challenges remain largely due to the lack of standardized and reliable detection and characterization methods. Most of the methods available today are low-throughput, which limits their practical application to food and agricultural samples. Development of rapid and high-throughput field-deployable methods for onsite screening of MP/NPs is therefore a high priority. Based on the current literature, we conclude that detecting the presence and understanding the impact of MP/NP throughout the agricultural and food supply chain require the development of novel deployable analytical methods and sensors, the combination of high-precision lab analysis with rapid onsite screening, and a data hub(s) that hosts and curates data for future analysis.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

taken from Li et al. [55] with permission

Fig. 4

taken from Li et al. [151] with permission

Fig. 5

taken from Huang et al. [164] with permission. (b) Microfluidic pulse sensor for MP detection. The image is taken from Pollard et al. [165] with permission. (c) Sandwich immunoassay-like sensing of NPs on an SPR chip using a peptide receptor. The image is taken from Oh et al. [166] with permission

Fig. 6

Taken from Caldwell et al. [172] with permission

Fig. 7

taken from Facciola et al. [65] with permission. (b) Interaction between 50-nm polystyrene (PS50) nanoplastics and small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) monitored by QCM-D, image taken from Liu et al. [70] with permission. (c) Immunofluorescence staining of human neuroblastoma cells, image taken from Ban et al. [71] with permission. (d, e) Flow cytometry analysis of the uptake of 25-nm polystyrene nanoplastics by human A549 cells at different times (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min), image taken from Xu et al. [69] with permission

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Funding

This work was supported by the USDA-NIFA multistate project NC-1194.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Chenxu Yu

  2. Department of Food Science, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Paul Takhistov

  3. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Evangelyn Alocilja

  4. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Jose Reyes de Corcuera

  5. Department of Fiber Science & Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Margaret W. Frey

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Carmen L. Gomes

  7. Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Yu J. Mao

  8. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Eric S. McLamore

  9. Department of Food Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Mengshi Lin

  10. Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA

    Olga V. Tsyusko

  11. Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng

  12. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA

    Jeong-Yeol Yoon

  13. Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA

    Anhong Zhou

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  1. Chenxu Yu
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Yu, C., Takhistov, P., Alocilja, E. et al. Bioanalytical approaches for the detection, characterization, and risk assessment of micro/nanoplastics in agriculture and food systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 414, 4591–4612 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04069-5

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