Abstract
Dental inserts are perceived as a potential solution to reduce polymerization shrinkage and the associated stress in direct composite restorations. Inserts are designed to be placed inside the unpolymerized composite resin, thereby reducing the amount of resin in the restoration. Experimental inserts have been recently manufactured from hydroxyapatite (HAp) based nano-particles with an idea to combine their bioactive potential with aesthetic restorative materials. Controlled porous biphasic hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, monophasic dense hydroxyapatite and composite hydroxyapatite/zirconia dental inserts were processed and tested in the last few years for application as dentine substitutes. Obtained bioceramic inserts were of satisfied hardness and fracture toughness in the range of values for human dentine. These inserts have been shown in vitro to reduce polymerization shrinkage of insert-containing restorations and change shrinkage vectors of surrounding resin-based composite acting as a possible central stress reducer. When adhesively bonded to composites following a total-etch or self-etch protocol, controlled porous HAp-based inserts have shown certainly higher bond strengths than when bonded to glass-ionomer or self-adhesive resin cements. Optical properties (colour and translucency), considerably differ from tooth tissues, and may be masked with a 2 mm capping layer of a microhybrid or nanohybrid composite.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries. Accessed 16 Feb 2021
Boushell LW, Sturdevant JR (2019). In: Ritter AV, Boushell LW, Walter R (eds) Sturdevant’s art and science of operative dentistry. Elsevier, pp 1–39
Goldberg M, Kulkarni AB, Young M, Boskey A (2011) Dentin: structure, composition and mineralization. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 3:711–735
Ferreira Zandoná AG, Ritter AV, Eidson RS (2019). In: Ritter AV, Boushell LW, Walter R (eds) Sturdevant’s art and science of operative dentistry. Elsevier, pp 40–94
Reher V, Reher P, Peres KG, Peres MA (2021) Fall of amalgam restoration: a 10-year analysis of an Australian university dental clinic. Aust Dent J 66:61–66
Laske M, Opdam NJ, Bronkhorst EM, Braspenning JC, Huysmans MC (2016) Longevity of direct restorations in Dutch dental practices. Descriptive study out of a practice based research network. J Dent 46:12–17
Chen MH (2010) Update on dental nanocomposites. J Dent Res 89:549–560
Ferracane JL (2011) Resin composite-state of the art. Dent Mater 27:29–38
Randolph LD, Palin WM, Leloup G, Leprince JG (2016) Filler characteristics of modern dental resin composites and their influence on physico-mechanical properties. Dent Mater 32:1586–1599
Miletic V, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Brooks NR, Van Meerbeek B (2017) Curing characteristics of flowable and sculptable bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 21:1201–1212
Salgado VE, Borba MM, Cavalcante LM, de Moraes RR, Schneider LF (2015) Effect of photoinitiator combinations on hardness, depth of cure, and color of model resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 27(Suppl 1):S41-48
Powell LV (1992) Composite-resin materials and techniques in dentistry. Curr Opin Dent 2:128–136
Miletic V (2018) In: Miletic V (ed) Dental composite materials for direct restorations. Springer International Publishing, pp 3–9
Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G (2014) Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent 42:993–1000
Arbildo-Vega HI, Lapinska B, Panda S, Lamas-Lara C, Khan AS, Lukomska-Szymanska M (2020) Clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin composite restorations: systematic review and meta-analysis. Polymers (Basel) 12:10
Bowen RL, Eichmiller FC, Marjenhoff WA (1991) Glass-ceramic inserts anticipated for ‘megafilled’ composite restorations. Research moves into the office. J Am Dent Assoc 122:71, 73, 75.
Millar BJ, Robinson PB (2006) Eight year results with direct ceramic restorations (Cerana). Br Dent J 201:515–520
Santini A, Ivanovic V, Tan CL, Ibbetson R (2006) Effect of prolonged thermal cycling on microleakage around Class V cavities restored with glass-ceramic inserts with different coefficients of thermal expansion: an in vitro study. Prim Dent Care 13:147–153
Strobel WO, Petschelt A, Kemmoona M, Frankenberger R (2005) Ceramic inserts do not generally improve resin composite margins. J Oral Rehabil 32:606–613
Saber MH, Loomans BA, El Zohairy A, Dörfer CE, El-Badrawy W (2010) Evaluation of proximal contact tightness of Class II resin composite restorations. Oper Dent 35:37–43
Carrilho M, D’Alpino PHP (2018) In: Miletic V (ed) Dental composite materials for direct restorations. Springer International Publishing, pp 291–301
Braga RR (2019) Calcium phosphates as ion-releasing fillers in restorative resin-based materials. Dent Mater 35:3–14
van Dijken JWV, Pallesen U, Benetti A (2019) A randomized controlled evaluation of posterior resin restorations of an altered resin modified glass-ionomer cement with claimed bioactivity. Dent Mater 35:335–343
Hirani RT, Batra R, Kapoor S (2018) Comparative evaluation of postoperative sensitivity in bulk fill restoratives: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 8:534–539
Tiskaya M, Shahid S, Gillam D, Hill R (2021) The use of bioactive glass (BAG) in dental composites: a critical review. Dent Mater 37:296–310
Par M, Spanovic N, Mohn D, Attin T, Tauböck TT, Tarle Z (2020) Curing potential of experimental resin composites filled with bioactive glass: a comparison between Bis-EMA and UDMA based resin systems. Dent Mater 36:711–723
Lezaja M, Veljović Dj, Jokic BM, Cvijovic-Alagic I, Zrilic MM, Miletic V (2013) Effect of hydroxyapatite spheres, whiskers, and nanoparticles on mechanical properties of a model BisGMA/TEGDMA composite initially and after storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 101:1469–1476
Farooq I, Ali S, Al-Saleh S et al (2021) Synergistic effect of bioactive inorganic fillers in enhancing properties of dentin adhesives—a review. Polymers 13:2169
Lezaja M, Jokic BM, Veljovic Dj, Miletic V (2016) Shear bond strength to dentine of dental adhesives containing hydroxyapatite nano-fillers. J Adhes Sci Technol 30:2678–2689
Chevalier J, Gremillard L (2009) Ceramics for medical applications: a picture for the next 20 years. J Eur Ceram Soc 29:1245–1255
Bryksin AV, Brown AC, Baksh MM, Finn MG, Barker TH (2014) Learning from nature—novel synthetic biology approaches for biomaterial design. Acta Biomater 10:1761–1769
Dorozhkin SV (2015) Calcium orthophosphate bioceramics. Ceram Int 41:13913–13966
Veljović Dj (2020) Biokeramički materijali na bazi kalcijum-fosfata: procesiranje, svojstva i primena. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade
Stojkovska J, Zvicer J, Andrejevic M, Janaćković Dj, Obradovic B, Veljović Dj (2021) Novel composite scaffolds based on alginate and Mg-doped calcium phosphate fillers: enhanced hydroxyapatite formation under biomimetic conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 109:2079–2090
Janaćković Dj, Petrovic-Prelevic I, Lj K-G, Petrovic R, Jokanovic V, Uskokovic D (2001) Influence of synthesis parameters on the particle sizes of nanostructured calcium hydroxyapatite. Key Eng Mater 192–195:203–206
Palcevskis E, Dindune A, Kuznecova L, Lipe A, Kanepe Z (2005) Granulated composite powders on basis of hydroxyapatite and plasma-processed zirconia and alumina nanopowders. Latvian J Chem 2:128–138
Veljović Dj, Jokic B, Jankovic-Castvan I, Smiciklas I, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2007) Sintering behaviour of nanosized HAP powder. Key Eng Mater 330:259–262
Veljović Dj, Matic T, Stamenic T, Kojic V, Dimitrijevic-Brankovic S, Lukic MJ, Jevtic S, Radovanovic Z, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2019) Mg/Cu co-substituted hydroxyapatite—biocompatibility, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. Ceram Int 45:22029–22039
Bose S, Saha SK (2003) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanopowders via sucrose-templated Sol-Gel method. J Am Ceram Soc 86:1055–1057
Sathiskumar S, Vanaraj S et al (2019) Green synthesis of biocompatible nanostructured hydroxyapatite from Cirrhinus mrigala fish scale—a biowaste to biomaterial. Ceram Int 45:7804–7810
Veljović Dj, Jokic B, Petrovic R, Palcevskis E, Dindune A, Mihailescu IN, Janaćković Dj (2009) Processing of dense nanostructured HAP ceramics by sintering and hot pressing. Ceram Int 35:1407–1413
Tang CY, Uskokovic PS, Tsui CP, Veljović Dj, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2009) Influence of microstructure and phase composition on the nanoindentation characterization of bioceramic materials based on hydroxyapatite. Ceram Int 35:2171–2178
Veljović Dj, Zalite I, Palcevskis E, Smiciklas I, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2010) Microwave sintering of fine grained HAP and HAP/TCP bioceramics. Ceram Int 360:595–603
Veljović Dj, Jancic-Hajnemann R, Balac I, Jokic B, Putic S, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2011) The effect of the shape and size of the pores on the mechanical properties of porous HAP-based bioceramics. Ceram Int 37:471–479
Veljović Dj, Palcevskis E, Zalite I, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2013) Two-step microwave sintering—a promising technique for the processing of nanostructured bioceramics. Mater Lett 93:251–253
Lezaja M, Veljović Dj, Manojlovic D, Milosevic M, Mitrovic N, Janaćković Dj, Miletic V (2015) Bond strength of restorative materials to hydroxyapatite inserts and dimensional changes of insert-containing restorations during polymerization. Dent Mater 31:171–181
Ayoub G, Veljović Dj, Lezaja Zebic M, Miletic V, Palcevskis E, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2018) Composite nanostructured hydroxyapatite/yttrium stabilized zirconia dental inserts—the processing and application as dentin substitutes. Ceram Int 44:18200–18208
Ayoub G, Lezaja Zebic M, Miletic V, Petrovic R, Veljović Dj, Janaćković Dj (2020) Dissimilar sintered calcium phosphate dental inserts as dentine substitutes: Shear bond strength to restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 108:2461–2470
Raynaud S, Champion E, Bernache-Assollant D, Thomas P (2002) Calcium phosphate apatites with variable Ca/P atomic ratio I. Synthesis, characterisation and thermal stability of powders. Biomater 23:1065–1072
Wang J, Shaw LL (2009) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with simultaneous enhancements in hardness and toughness. Biomater 30:6565–6572
Veljović Dj, Palcevskis E, Dindune A, Putic S, Balac I, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2010) Microwave sintering improves the mechanical properties of biphasic calcium phosphates from hydroxyapatite microspheres produced from hydrothermal processing. J Mater Sci 45:3175–3183
Jokic B, Mitric M, Popovic M, Sima L, Petrescu SM, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2011) The influence of silicon substitution on the properties of spherical- and whisker-like biphasic α-calcium-phosphate/hydroxyapatite particles. J Mater Sci Mater Med 22:2175–2185
Radovanovic Z, Jokic B, Veljović Dj, Dimitrijevic S, Kojic V, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2014) Antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of Ag+ and Cu2+ doped biphasic hydroxyapatite/α-tricalcium phosphate obtained from hydrothermally synthesized Ag+ and Cu2+ doped hydroxyapatite. App Surf Sci 307:513–519
Radovanovic Z, Veljović Dj, Radovanovic L, Zalite I, Palcevskis E, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2018) Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ doped hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics: influence of doping and sintering technique on mechanical properties. Process Appl Ceram 12:269–277
Iwamoto N, Ruse ND (2003) Fracture toughness of human dentin. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 66:507–512
Lukic M, Stojanovic Z, Skapin SD, Macek-Krzmanc M, Mitric M, Markovic S, Uskokovic D (2011) Dense fine-grained biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics designed by two-step sintering. J Eur Ceram Soc 31:19–27
Lahiri D, Singh V, Keshri AK, Seal S, Agarwal A (2010) Carbon nanotube toughened hydroxyapatite by spark plasma sintering: Microstructural evolution and multiscale tribological properties. Carbon 48:3103–3120
Bose S, Dasgupta S, Tarafder S, Bandyopadhyay A (2010) Microwave-processed nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite: simultaneous enhancement of mechanical and biological properties. Acta Biomater 6:3782–3790
Veljović Dj, Colic M, Kojic V, Bogdanovic G, Kojic Z, Banjac A, Palcevskis E, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2012) The effect of grain size on the biocompatibility, cell-materials interface and mechanical properties of microwave sintered bioceramics. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A:3059–3070
Kumar R, Prakash KH, Cheang P, Khor KA (2005) Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered zirconia-hydroxyapatite nano-composite powders. Acta Mater 53:2327–2335
Vani R, Girija EK, Elayaraja K, Parthiban SP, Kesavamoorthy R, Kalkura SN (2009) Hydrothermal synthesis of porous triphasic hydroxyapatite/(α and β) tricalcium phosphate. J Mater Sci Mater Med 20:43–48
Lopes LCP, Terada RSS, Tsuzuki FM, Giannini M, Hirata R (2020) Heating and preheating of dental restorative materials-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 24:4225–4235
Marjanovic J, Veljović Dj, Stasic JN, Savic-Stankovic T, Trifkovic B, Miletic V (2018) Optical properties of composite restorations influenced by dissimilar dentin restoratives. Dent Mater 34:737–745
Miletic V, Marjanovic J, Veljović Dj, Stasic JN, Petrovic V (2019) Color stability of bulk-fill and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 31:520–528
Paravina RD, Perez MM, Ghinea R (2019) Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: a comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent 31:103–112
Veljović Dj, Vukovic G, Steins I, Palcevskis E, Uskokovic PS, Petrovic R, Janaćković Dj (2013) Improvement of the mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered HAP bioceramics by decreasing the grain size and by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Sci Sinter 45:233–243
Oktar FN, Agathopoulos S, Ozyegin LS, Gunduz O, Demirkol N, Bozkurt Y, Salman S (2007) Mechanical properties of bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) composites doped with SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, and ZrO2. J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:2137–2143
Nie J, Zhou J, Huang X, Wang L, Liu G, Cheng J (2019) Effect of TiO2 doping on densification and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite by microwave sintering. Ceram Int 45:13647–13655
Zalite I, Grabis J, Palcevskis E, Herrmann M (2011) Plasma processed nanosized-powders of refractory compounds for obtaining fine-grained advanced ceramics. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 18:062024
Stasic JN, Selaković N, Puač N, Miletić M, Malović G, Petrović ZL, Veljović Dj, Miletic V (2019) Effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma treatment on dentin wetting and surface free energy for application of universal adhesives. Clin Oral Investig 23:1383–1396
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Veljović, D., Miletic, V. (2023). Bioceramic Dental Inserts Based on Calcium Phosphate Nano-particles. In: Thomas, S., Baiju, R.M. (eds) Nanomaterials in Dental Medicine. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8718-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8718-2_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8717-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-8718-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)