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Iron and Neuropathies

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Brain-Iron Cross Talk

Part of the book series: Nutritional Neurosciences ((NN))

Abstract

Iron is an indispensable element for metabolic reactions as it is involved in protein synthesis, brain functions, nerve conduction, and myelination. Therefore, balanced iron metabolism in body is an unmet need of the body to perform its various functions properly. Iron overload and deficiency both conditions can affect vital pathways of the living system which could lead to different types of neuropathies. Iron overload is associated with demyelination which reduces the nerve conduction velocity. Hence, reduction in nerve conduction both motor and sensory can cause central and peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, excess iron is toxic to body which produces reactive oxygen species that is a cause of many types of optic neuropathies. Some genetic problems associated with iron storage genes can cause neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Iron is accumulated in NBIA diseases in basal ganglia and iron patches can also be seen on the skin which is a cause of neuropathy. Iron deficiency could also induce neuropathy as iron is involved in myelination. Low-iron diet induces inflammatory responses which are involved in the onset of peripheral neuropathy. Low iron in the body can be a cause of a condition called restless leg syndrome which is a sensorimotor disorder in which there is a strong urge to move legs in resting conditions. So, here it is concluded that iron should be considered as the main marker while studying different types of neuropathies. In this chapter the relationship between iron and neuropathies is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Asia Afzal & Saida Haider

  2. Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Puncak Alam, Malaysia

    Asia Afzal

  3. Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist), Karachi, Pakistan

    Sadia Sadir

  4. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Zehra Batool

  5. Multidisciplinary Research Lab, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Laraib Liaquat

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    Wael Mohamed

  2. York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Nicola Luigi Brogazzi

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA

    Richard M. Kostrzewa

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Afzal, A., Sadir, S., Batool, Z., Liaquat, L., Haider, S. (2023). Iron and Neuropathies. In: Mohamed, W., Brogazzi, N.L., Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Brain-Iron Cross Talk. Nutritional Neurosciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7327-7_13

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