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Bioprospection and Clinical Investigations of Immunomodulatory Molecules

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Plants and Phytomolecules for Immunomodulation

Abstract

The immune system, a complex network that guarantees protection against infections, plays an important role in the homeostasis of organs and tissues. Its control and modulation are important factors to be considered for the maintenance of human health. Some natural or synthetic agents are known to stimulate and/or suppress the immune system, being relevant for immunological therapies. The use of plant secondary metabolites by humans has occurred for thousands of years, mainly by traditional knowledge for the treatment of diseases. In this sense, the bioprospection and investigation of new drugs based on plant natural products stand by the search for their direct action on organs or by activation of the immune system. This principle is being addressed by numerous research groups worldwide regarding the isolation and identification of natural substances for the production and/or use as immunomodulators. Therefore, this chapter addresses the importance of bioprospecting phytochemicals, the steps involved in clinical investigation, and some studies dealing with the use of plant-derived substances and their mechanisms in modulating the immune system and their application in immunotherapies, such as tissue repair and cancer.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Substance foreign to the organism that triggers the production of antibodies.

  2. 2.

    Antigen-presenting cells that have the Main Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), which is coupled to the antigen (forming the peptide-MHC complex) and presents the antigen to specific receptors (TCR) on the surface of TCD4+ lymphocytes, leading to their activation.

  3. 3.

    Long chain β2 → 1-fructans lead to Th1 response profile with the production of IL-12.

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  1. Laboratório de Genética Vegetal e Toxicológica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci, Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra, Judá BenHur de Oliveira, Mainã Mantovanelli da Mota, Paula Roberta Costalonga Pereira, Schirley Costalonga, Suiany Vitorino Gervásio & Vanessa Silva dos Santos

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

    Neelam S. Sangwan

  2. Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Farag

  3. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Luzia Valentina Modolo

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do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci, M. et al. (2022). Bioprospection and Clinical Investigations of Immunomodulatory Molecules. In: Sangwan, N.S., Farag, M.A., Modolo, L.V. (eds) Plants and Phytomolecules for Immunomodulation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8117-2_3

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