Abstract
The significance of a novel aromatic cytokinins, meta-topolin (mT), on in vitro morphogenesis, rhizogenesis and acclimatization competency of tissue culture raised plants of Tylophora indica have been studied. mT an advanced cytokinin was found potential for the development of the micropropagation system as well as growth and establishment of plants ex vitro. Increased multiplication rate was found using mT (5.0 μM) supplemented in Murashige and Skoog (MS 1962) medium, where stimulation of maximum shoot development (12.3 ± 0.22) with a shoot length (5.50 ± 0.00 cm)/explant after 4 weeks of culture duration was attained. The collective consequence of cytokinin-auxin (5.0 μM mT + 0.5 μM NAA) considerably showed the production of 18.2 ± 0.12 mean shoots/explant with shoot length of 5.40 ± 0.00 cm with 90% regeneration rate. The high rooting rates of microshoots (4 cm) were evident on 1/2 strength of MS medium amplified with petite intensity (0.1 μM) of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) which yielded maximum mean roots (8.64 ± 0.04) and mean root length (4.12 ± 0.03 cm) in 92% cultures. Maximum Chl. a (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/g FW), Chl. b (0.40 ± 0.01 mg/g FW), and carotenoid (0.22 ± 0.02 mg/g FW) contents were recorded at optimal in mT (5.0 μM) concentration. However, the elevated intensity of proline level (0.26 ± 0.02 μg/g FW) was recorded on elevated application of mT (10.0 μM) in the basal medium. The survival rate 96.0 ± 0.91% was ascertained by the acclimatized plants in a planting substrate soilrite. Tylophora plantlets regenerated via the exposure of mT showed significantly improved magnitude of morpho-physiological quality of shoots intensification and root quality, staging of better biomass, pigments, and proline contents followed by inevitably enhanced adaptation potentiality. This standardized rejuvenation/re-establishment protocol may be supportive during the regeneration of novel genotypes of T. indica which could advance agronomic characters during in vitro selection practices along with genetic transformation system/genetic engineering.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
N6-benzyladenine
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- mT:
-
Meta-topolin
- NAA:
-
α-Naphthaleneacetic acid
- NS:
-
Nodal segment
References
Ali M, Butani KK (1989) Alkaloids from Tylophora indica. Phytochemistry 28:3513–3517
Ali G, Shrivastava PS, Iqbal M (1998) Morphological response and proline content in Bacopa monniera cultures grown under copper stress. Plant Sci 138:190–197
Annapurna D, Rathore TS (2010) Direct adventitious shoot induction and plant regeneration of Embelia ribes F. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 101:269–277
Anees A, Anis M (2019) Metatopolin improves in vitro morphogenesis, rhizogenesis and biochemical analysis in Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.: a potential; drug-yielding tree. J Plant Growth Regul 38:1007–1016
Aremu AO, Bairu MW, Doležal K, Finnie JF, van Staden J (2012a) Topolins: a panacea to plant tissue culture challenges? Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 108:1–16
Aremu AO, Bairu MW, Szüčová L, Doležal K, Finnie JF, Van Staden J (2012b) Assessment of the role of meta-topolins on in vitro produced phenolics and acclimatization competence of micropropagated ‘Williams banana’. Acta Physiol Plant 34:2265–2273
Bairu MW, Stirk WA, Doležal K, van Staden J (2007a) Optimizing the micropropagation protocol for the endangered Aloe polyphylla: can meta-topolin and its derivatives serve as replacement for benzyladenine and zeatin? Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 90:15–23
Bairu MW, Stirk WA, Doležal K, van Staden J (2007b) The role of topolins in micropropagation and somaclonal variation of banana cultivars ‘Williams’ and ‘Grand Naine’ (Musa spp. AAA). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 95:373–379
Bairu MW, Stirk WA, Dolezal K, van Staden J (2008) The role of topolins in micropropagation and somaclonal variation of banana cultivars ‘Williams’ and ‘Grand Naine’ Musa spp. AAA. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 95:373–379
Bhutani KK, Sharma GL, Sarin AN, Kaur R, Kumar V, Atal CK (1985) In vitro amoebicidal and bactericidal activities in medicinal plants. Indian J Pharm Sci 47:65–67
Cag S, Palavan-Ünsal N, Büyüktuncer D (2003) Comparison of the effects of meta-topolin and other cytokinins on chlorophyll and protein contents and peroxidase activity in cucumber cotyledons. Israel J Plant Sci 51:261–265
Criado M, Roberts I, Echeverria M, Barneix A (2007) Plant growth regulators and induction of leaf senescence in nitrogen-deprived wheat plants. J Plant Growth Regul 26:301–307
CSIR (2003) The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products, vol 10. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, pp 398–399
De Klerk (2002) Rootings of microcuttings. Theory and practices. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 38:415–422
Deberg PC, Maene LJ (1981) A scheme for commercial propagation of ornamental plants by tissue culture. Sci Hortic 14:335–345
Donaldson GR, Atkinsn MR, Murray AW (1968) Inhibition of protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites-tumor cells by the phenanthrene alkaloids tylophorine, tylocrebrine and cryptopleurine. Biophys Res Commun 31:104–109
Faisal M, Ahmad N, Mohd A (2007) An efficient micropropagation system of Tylophoraindica: an endangered, medicinally important plant. Plant Biotechnol Rep 1:155–161
Fakuda K, Toyama S (1982) Electron microscope studies on the morphogenesis of plastids XI. Ultrastructural changes of the chloroplasts in tomato leaves treated with ethylene and kinetin. Cytologia 47:725–736
Fatima N, Ahmad N, Anis M (2011) Enhanced in vitro regeneration and change in photosynthetic pigments, biomass and proline content in Withania somnifera L. (Dunal) induced by copper and zinc ions. Plant Physiol Biochem 49:1465–1471
Gaspar T, Kevers C, Penel C, Greppin H, Reid D, Thorpe T (1996) Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 32:272–289
George EF, Hall MA and De Klerk GJ (2008). Plant propagation by tissue culture. The background, 3rd Edn. Springer, Dordrecht. 1:149–190.
Greenway H, Munns R (1980) Mechanisms of tolerance in nanohalophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31:149–190
Hussain SA, Ahmad N, Anis M, Alatar AA (2019) Influence of metatopolin on in vitro organogenesis in Tecoma stans L., assessment of genetic fidelity and phytochemical profiling of wild and regenerated plants. Plant Cell Tissue Ogan Cult 138:339–351
Kaminek M, Paces V, Corse J, Challice JS (1979) Effect of stereo-specific hydroxylation of N6 (2-Isopentenyl) adenosine on cytokinin activity. Planta 145:239–243
Kaminek M, Vanek T, Motyka V (1987) Cytokinin activities of N6-benzyladenosine derivatives hydroxylated on the side-chain phenyl ring. J Plant Growth Regul 6:113–120
Khanam MN, Javed SB, Anis M, Alatar AA (2020) meta-Topolin induced in vitro rgeneration and metabolic profiling in Allamanda cathartica L. Ind Crop Prod 145:111944
Legocka J, Szweykowska A (1981) The role of cytokinins in the development and metabolism of barley leaves III, the effect of RNA metabolism in various cell compartments during senescence. Z Pflanzenphysiol 102:363–374
Lichtenthaler H (1987) Chlorophyll and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol 148:350–382
MacKinney G (1941) Absorption of light by chlorophyll solution. J Biol Chem 140:315–322
Maclachlan S, Zalick S (1963) Plastid structure, chlorophyll concentration and free amino acid composition of chlorophyll mutant barely. Can J Bot 7:1053–1062
Mulchandani NB, Iyer SS, Badheka LP (1971) Structure of tylophorinidine: a new potential antitumor alkaloid from Tylophora indica. Chem Ind 19:505–506
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Naaz A, Hussain SA, Anis M, Alatar AA (2019) Meta-topolin improved micropropagation in Syzium cumini and acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. Biol Plant 63:174–182
Patel AK, Agarwal T, Phulwari M, Vinod K, Shekhawat NS (2014) An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from leaf of mature plant of Leptadenia reticulate (Jeewanti): A life giving endangered woody climber. Ind Crop Prod 52:499–505
Pop T, Pamfi D, Bellini C (2011) Auxin control in the formation of adventitious roots. Not Bot Hort Agrobot 39:307–316
Pospísilová J, Synková H, Haisel D, Semorádová S (2007) Acclimation of plantlets to exvitro conditions: effects of air humidity, irradiance, CO2 concentration and abscisic acid (a review). Acta Hortic 748:29–38
Rubio-Wilhelmi MM, Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rosales MA, Begona B, Rios JJ (2011) Effect of cytokinins on oxidative stress in tobacco plants under nitrogen deficiency. Environ Exp Bot 72:167–173
Santner A, Calderon-Villalobos LIA, Estelle M (2009) Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nat Chem 5:301–307
de Souza M, Barbosal MR, Rafael Zarate-Salazar J, Lozano-Isla F, Camara TR (2019) Use of meta-topolin, an unconventional cytokinin in the in vitro multiplication of Opuntia stricta Haw. Biotechnol Veg 19:85–96
Strnad M (1997) The aromatic cytokinins. Physiol Plant 101:674–688
Strnad M, Hanus J, Vanek T, Kaminek M, Ballantine JA, Fussell B, Hanke DE (1997) Meta-topolin, a highly active aromatic cytokinin from poplar leaves (Populus canadensis Moench, cv. Robusta). Phytochemistry 45:213–218
Su YH, Zhang XS (2011) Auxin-cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Mol Plant 4:616–625
Tarkowski P, Ge L, Yong JWH, Tan SN (2009) Trends in analytical chemistry, vol 28, pp 323–335
Thomas TD, Philip B (2005) Thidiazuron induced high frequency shoot organogenesis from leaf derived callus of a medicinal climber. Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 41:124–128
Valero-Aracama C, Kane M, Wilson S, Philman N (2010) Substitution of benzyladenine with meta-topolin during shoot multiplication increases acclimatization of difficult- and easy-to acclimatize sea oats (Uniola paniculata L.) genotypes. Plant Growth Regul 60:43–49
Vogler H, Kuhlemeier C (2003) Simple hormone but complex signaling. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6:51–56
Wang Z, Pote J, Huang B (2003) Responses of cytokinins, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in shoots of creeping bentgrass to high root-zone temperatures. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 128:648–655
Werbrouck SPO, Strnad M, Van Onckelen HA, Debergh PC (1996) Metatopolin an alternative to benzyladenine in tissue culture. Physiol Plant 98:291–297
Werner T, Motyka V, Strnad M, Schmulling T (2001) Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:10487–10492
Young AJ (2006) The protective role of carotenoids in higher plants. Physiol Plant 83:702–708
Acknowledgments
The authors extended their gratitude to University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for supporting this Postdoctoral Fellowship (UGC-PDFWM 2017-22) to Dr. Nigar Fatima. UGC-BSR Faculty Fellowship Programme (2017) by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, to M. Anis is gratifying.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
The authors state that there is no argument of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fatima, N., Ahmad, N., Anis, M. (2021). Meta-topolin Promotes Improved Micropropagation, Photosynthetic Performances, Biomass and Proline Levels of an India Ipecac (Tylophora indica Burm f.). In: Ahmad, N., Strnad, M. (eds) Meta-topolin: A Growth Regulator for Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9046-7_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9046-7_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-9045-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-9046-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)