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Classification and Quantitation of Human Cataract

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Cataract classification is the designation of the type or severity of cataract, or both, according to a standardized, valid methodology. Originally based simply on the need to accurately describe different types or severities of cataract encountered in the clinic, it has become an important tool in ophthalmologic and epidemiologic research. That age-related opacification of the lens did not take a single form was apparent to those who first examined the lens with an ophthalmoscope. Simply recording what was seen yielded the classes of cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and mixed cataract. They were noted to occur in different individuals, at different times in life, and often were associated with different diseases. The classification of a cataract did not determine the cataract’s ultimate treatment, since intra- and extracapsular extractions were effective for all cataracts. In this chapter, we describe the need for cataract classification, in vitro and in vivo classification systems, multidimensional scaling, and time-honored LOCS I, II, and III systems. Additionally, we discuss other classification systems including the Wilmer system, Oxford system, Japanese Cooperative Cataract Epidemiology Study Group system, Wisconsin Cataract Grading System and AREDS Lens Opacity grading protocol, and WHO’s simplified cataract grading system. We also discuss objective systems of measuring cataracts including lens photography and digital imaging, wavefront analysis, Scheimpflug photography.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Leo T. Chylack

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

    Tae-im Kim

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri T. Azar

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  1. Leo T. Chylack
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  2. Tae-im Kim
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  3. Dimitri T. Azar
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Correspondence to Dimitri T. Azar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Douglas Koch

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Chylack, L.T., Kim, Ti., Azar, D.T. (2021). Classification and Quantitation of Human Cataract. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_189-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_189-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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