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Invertebrate Protein and Peptide Hormones

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Hormones and the Endocrine System

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Abstract

When analyzing invertebrates in the 1930s and 1940s, Berta and Hans Schaller developed the idea of neurosecretion using the large oceanic snail A. californica (Califonia sea hare) with its few and relatively large neurons. Neuropeptides have been found in all metazoans. Where whole genome sequences are available such as in bees A. mellifera) sequence motifs (signal peptides, cleaving sites of prohormone convertase, terminal glycine) could be investigated. In bees, 200 different potential neuropeptides were identified and the majority of those could be confirmed by chemical analysis (Hummon et al. 2006). In further insects, that is, D. melanogaster or C. elegans, the two model organisms of developmental biology, the potential inventory of neuropeptides is identified.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Ciona intestinalis.

  2. 2.

    As far as PubMed is concerned; Aug. 2008

  3. 3.

    Aplysia kurodai.

  4. 4.

    Because there are two hormones that are abbreviated DH (diuretic hormone and diapause hormone) we abbreviate diuretic hormone as DiuH.

  5. 5.

    Diuretic hormone.

  6. 6.

    Aedes aegyptii.

  7. 7.

    x represent any amino acid.

  8. 8.

    Diapause hormone.

  9. 9.

    Anopheles gambiae.

  10. 10.

    (in Sept 2014)

  11. 11.

    Orconectes limosus.

  12. 12.

    Procambarus clarkii.

  13. 13.

    Leucophaea madera.

  14. 14.

    Lymnaea stagnalis.

  15. 15.

    Counted from the N-terminus: Cys1 first cysteine, Cys2 second cysteine …

  16. 16.

    For reasons of conciseness we call FMRFamides those peptides with N-terminally extended FMRFamide, and variants, for example, FIRFamide are labeled FLP for FMRFamide-like peptides

  17. 17.

    As of September 2014.

  18. 18.

    Peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lenzkirch, Germany

    Bernhard Kleine

  2. Ettlingen, Germany

    Winfried G. Rossmanith

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  1. Bernhard Kleine
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  2. Winfried G. Rossmanith
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Kleine, B., Rossmanith, W.G. (2016). Invertebrate Protein and Peptide Hormones. In: Hormones and the Endocrine System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15060-4_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15060-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15059-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15060-4

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